Synthesis of titanium oxycarbonitride by carbothermal reduction and nitridation of ilmenite with recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

An innovative and sustainable carbothermal reduction and nitridation (CTRN) process of ilmenite (FeTiO3) using a mixture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and coal as the primary reductant under an H2-N2 atmosphere was proposed. The use of PET as an alternative source of carbon not only enhances t...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of minerals, metallurgy and materials metallurgy and materials, 2017-04, Vol.24 (4), p.444-454
Main Authors: Ahmadi, Eltefat, Fauzi, Ahmad, Hussin, Hashim, Baharun, Norlia, Ariffin, Kamar Shah, Rezan, Sheikh Abdul
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
carbothermal
Ceramics
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry and Materials Science
Composites
Corrosion and Coatings
Glass
Ilmenite
Iron
Materials Science
Metallic Materials
Natural Materials
nitridation
oxycarbonitride
polyethylene
Polyethylene terephthalate
Porosity
Reducing agents
reduction
Stoichiometry
Surface tension
Surfaces and Interfaces
Synthesis
terephthalate
Thin Films
Titanium
Tribology
X-ray diffraction
X-ray spectroscopy
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:An innovative and sustainable carbothermal reduction and nitridation (CTRN) process of ilmenite (FeTiO3) using a mixture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and coal as the primary reductant under an H2-N2 atmosphere was proposed. The use of PET as an alternative source of carbon not only enhances the porosity of the pellets but also results in the separation of Fe from titanium oxycarbonitride (TiOxCyNz) particles because of the differences in surface tension. The experiments were carried out at 1250°C for 3 h using four different PET contents ranging from 25wt% to 100wt% in the reductant. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and LECO elemental analysis were used to study the phases and microstructures of the reduced samples. In the case of 75wt% PET, iron distinctly separated from the synthesized TiOxCyNz phase. With increasing PET content in the sample, the reduction and nitridation rates substantially increased. The synthesis of an oxycarbonitride with stoichiometry of TiO0.02C0.13N0.85 with minimal intermediate titanium sub-oxides was achieved. The results also showed that the iron particles formed from CTRN of FeTiO3 exhibited a spherical morphology, which is conducive for Fe removal via the Becher process.
ISSN:1674-4799
1869-103X
DOI:10.1007/s12613-017-1425-2