Nitrofurantoin plasma- and urine exposure in eight healthy beagle dogs following standard nitrofurantoin dosing regimen

Bacterial cystitis is common in dogs and is usually treated with antibiotics. Nitrofurantoin is used for treatment of bacterial cystitis in humans and might provide a feasible treatment option in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the nitrofurantoin plasma concentration-time course and p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Research in veterinary science 2022-12, Vol.152, p.150-155
Main Authors: Ekstrand, Carl, Michanek, Peter, Salomonsson, Matilda, Tegner, Cecilia, Pelander, Lena
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial
Antimicrobial agents
Automation
Bacteria
Biochemistry
Blood
Calibration
Canine
Clinical Science
Cystitis
Dogs
Dosage
E coli
Half-life
Hematology
Klinisk vetenskap
Liquid chromatography
Nitrofurantoin
Oral administration
Pharmacokinetics
Plasma
Quality control
Quantitative analysis
Side effects
Spectrometry
Urine
UTI
Veterinary medicine
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Summary:Bacterial cystitis is common in dogs and is usually treated with antibiotics. Nitrofurantoin is used for treatment of bacterial cystitis in humans and might provide a feasible treatment option in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the nitrofurantoin plasma concentration-time course and potential adverse effects in dogs. Nitrofurantoin (4.4–5.0 mg/kg) was administered orally to eight healthy beagles every 8 h for five days before repeated plasma and urine samples were collected. An additional four beagles served as untreated controls. The nitrofurantoin plasma and urine concentrations were measured using ultra high precision liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass-spectrometry and further analysed using a non-compartmental pharmacokinetic model. In plasma, the median Cmax was 2.1 μg/mL, tmax was 2 h, the terminal rate constant was 0.9 per h and the terminal half-life was 0.8 h. In urine, median Cmax was 56 μg/mL, tmax was 1 h and the terminal half-life was 4.3 h. No adverse effects were observed clinically or in haematology or biochemistry. The data presented in this study combined with in vitro sensitivity data from common urine pathogens and the lack of observed adverse effects suggest that nitrofurantoin in a standard dosing regimen could be effective in sporadic bacterial cystitis treatment in dogs. Further clinical studies are highly warranted to verify the effectiveness in clinical cases. •Nitrofurantoin was rapidly absorbed to and eliminated from plasma.•Nitrofurantoin urine half-life was approximately twice the half-life in plasma.•Healthy beagles tolerated nitrofurantoin well and no side effects were observed.•Nitrofurantoin could provide an optional effective treatment of bacterial cystitis.
ISSN:0034-5288
1532-2661
1532-2661
DOI:10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.005