Illness Identity and Adjusting to Type I Diabetes: A Four-Wave Longitudinal Study

Illness Identity and Adjusting to Type I Diabetes: A Four-Wave Longitudinal Study

Objectives: Prior research has linked illness identity-or the extent to which the illness is integrated into one's identity-to diabetes-specific functioning. Four illness identity dimensions have been identified: rejection, acceptance, engulfment, and enrichment. As longitudinal research on thi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Health psychology 2021-05, Vol.40 (5), p.326-336
Main Authors: Rassart, Jessica, Oris, Leen, Prikken, Sofie, Goethals, Eveline R., Raymaekers, Koen, Weets, Ilse, Moons, Philip, Luyckx, Koen
Format: Article
Language:eng
Subjects:
Acceptance
Adjustment
Associations
Bidirectionality
Chronic Illness
Diabetes
Emerging Adulthood
Female
Health Sciences
Hemoglobin
Human
Hälsovetenskaper
Identity
Illnesses
Longitudinal studies
Male
Medical records
Psychological distress
Psychology
Psykologi
Questionnaires
Self-Concept
Simulation
Treatment
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Summary:Objectives: Prior research has linked illness identity-or the extent to which the illness is integrated into one's identity-to diabetes-specific functioning. Four illness identity dimensions have been identified: rejection, acceptance, engulfment, and enrichment. As longitudinal research on this topic is scarce, this study examined developmental trajectories of illness identity and prospective associations between illness identity and diabetes-specific functioning. Method: Adolescents and emerging adults with Type I diabetes, aged 14 to 25 (Mage = 19; 54% girls), participated in a four-wave longitudinal study spanning 3 years (N = 559 at Time 1). Participants filled out questionnaires on illness identity, treatment adherence, and diabetes-specific distress. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values were obtained from participants' medical records. To chart the development of illness identity over time, we performed latent growth curve modeling. Cross-lagged analysis was used to examine prospective associations between illness identity and diabetes-specific functioning. Results: We observed small linear increases in acceptance (Mslope = .05, p < .01) and engulfment (Mslope = .03, p < .05) and a small linear decrease in rejection (Mslope = −.08, p < .001) across waves (with scale scores ranging between 1 and 5). Rejection negatively predicted and enrichment positively predicted treatment adherence 1 year later, which, in turn, positively predicted enrichment and negatively predicted engulfment over time. Furthermore, rejection and engulfment positively predicted diabetes-specific distress 1 year later. Finally, diabetes-specific distress and HbA1c positively predicted engulfment 1 year later. Standardized cross-lagged coefficients ranged between |.05| and |.11|. Conclusions: We identified small but interesting changes in three out of four illness identity dimensions. Prospective associations between illness identity and diabetes-specific functioning were bidirectional in nature.
ISSN:0278-6133
1930-7810
1930-7810