Surface sealing and water erosion of soils with mulching in the semi-arid region of Brazil

ABSTRACT Evaluating soil sealing process of the semi-arid region of Brazil is important to describe this process and mitigate its effects. The objective of this work was to evaluate surface sealing and physical properties of the main soils of the Upper Ipanema watershed, in Pesqueira, Pernambuco sta...

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Published in:Revista brasileira de engenharia agrícola e ambiental 2019-04, Vol.23 (4), p.277-284
Main Authors: Silva, Fábio F. da, Souza, Thais E. M. dos S., Souza, Edivan R. de, Correa, Marcelo M., Rolim, Mário M.
Format: Article
Language:eng ; por
Subjects:
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
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Summary:ABSTRACT Evaluating soil sealing process of the semi-arid region of Brazil is important to describe this process and mitigate its effects. The objective of this work was to evaluate surface sealing and physical properties of the main soils of the Upper Ipanema watershed, in Pesqueira, Pernambuco state, Brazil, with the use of mulch. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications, using a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement consisted of three soil classes (abruptic Eutrophic Yellow Argissolo - AEYA, typical Eutrophic Fluvic Neossolo - TEFN, and typical Eutrophic Yellow Argissolo - TEYA), three application times of simulated rainfalls (at 0, 24, and 48 h), and two mulching conditions (with and without mulch), totaling 54 tests. Soil erosion rates, surface sealing, and resistance to penetration were evaluated. The use of mulch decreased significantly the soil water losses by 71.9% (AEYA), 62.9% (TEFN), and 41.1% (TEYA) after the first rainfall application (0 h) when compared to treatments without mulch, and promoted a higher water infiltration rate. The lowest soil resistance to penetration were found in soils with mulch. The AEYA and TEFN presented changes in porosity and migration of fine particles in the treatment without mulch. The TENF was the only soil that presented an incipient soil surface sealing layer in the treatment without mulch. RESUMO A avaliação do processo de selamento superficial em solos da região semiárida Brasileira é de grande relevância para compreensão do processo e tomada de medidas mitigatórias. Objetivou-se avaliar o selamento superficial e características físico-hídricas dos principais solos da Bacia Representativa do Alto Ipanema, Pesqueira-PE, sob influência de cobertura morta. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3 x 3 x 2, com três repetições, sendo três solos (Argissolo Amarelo Eutrófico abrúptico, Neossolo Flúvico e Argissolo Amarelo Eutrófico típico), três tempos simulados de aplicação de chuva (0, 24 e 48 h), sem e com cobertura morta, totalizando 54 testes. Avaliaram-se as taxas erosivas, selamento superficial e resistência do solo à penetração. A presença de cobertura morta reduziu significativamente as perdas de água, para o Argissolo Amarelo Eutrófico abrúptico em 71,9%, para o Neossolo Flúvico em 62,9% e para o Argissolo Amarelo Eutrófico típico em 41,1% após a primeira aplicação de chuva (0 h), em comparação ao tratamento sem cobertura, prop
ISSN:1415-4366
1807-1929
1807-1929
DOI:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n4p277-284