A pH responsive and superporous biocomposite hydrogel of Salvia spinosa polysaccharide- co -methacrylic acid for intelligent drug delivery

Herein, a drug delivery system (SSH- -MAA) based on the mucilage from seeds of (SSH; polymer) and methacrylic acid (MAA; monomer) is introduced for the controlled delivery of venlafaxine HCl using a sustainable chemical approach. The optimized conditions for the designing of the ideal formulation (M...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:RSC advances 2023-02, Vol.13 (8), p.4932-4948
Main Authors: Ali, Arshad, Haseeb, Muhammad Tahir, Hussain, Muhammad Ajaz, Tulain, Ume Ruqia, Muhammad, Gulzar, Azhar, Irfan, Hussain, Syed Zajif, Hussain, Irshad, Ahmad, Naveed
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acrylamide
Biomedical materials
Chemistry
Composite materials
Drug delivery systems
Fourier transforms
Gastrointestinal system
Hydrogels
Methacrylic acid
Methylene bisacrylamide
NMR spectroscopy
Polysaccharides
Potassium persulfate
Structural analysis
Swelling
Thermogravimetric analysis
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Summary:Herein, a drug delivery system (SSH- -MAA) based on the mucilage from seeds of (SSH; polymer) and methacrylic acid (MAA; monomer) is introduced for the controlled delivery of venlafaxine HCl using a sustainable chemical approach. The optimized conditions for the designing of the ideal formulation (M4) of SSH- -MAA were found to be 2.5% (w/w) of SSH, 30.0% (w/w) of MAA, 0.4% (w/w) of both , '-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA; cross-linker) and potassium persulfate (KPS; initiator). The structure characterization of SSH- -MAA by Fourier transform infrared and solid-state CP/MAS C-NMR spectroscopy has confirmed the grafting of MAA onto SSH. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that SSH- -MAA is a stable entity before and after loading of the venlafaxine HCl-loaded SSH- -MAA (VSSH- -MAA). Scanning electron microscopy images of SSH- -MAA after swelling then freeze drying showed the superporous nature of the hydrogel. The gel fraction (%) of SSH- -MAA depended upon concentration of SSH, MAA, and MBA. The porosity (%) was increased with the increase in the concentration of SSH and decreased with the decrease in the concentration of MAA and MBA. The swelling indices, venlafaxine HCl loading, and release (24 h at the pH of the gastrointestinal tract) from VSSH- -MAA were found to be dependent on the pH of the swelling media and the concentration of SSH, MAA, and MBA. The release of venlafaxine HCl followed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Conclusively, SSH- -MAA is a novel material for potential application in targeted drug delivery applications.
ISSN:2046-2069
2046-2069
DOI:10.1039/d2ra05240g