Clinical and molecular change induced by repeated low‐dose visible light exposure in both light‐skinned and dark‐skinned individuals

Background Visible light (VL) is known to induce pigmentation in dark‐skinned individuals and immediate erythema in light‐skinned individuals. However, the effects of accumulated low‐dose VL exposure across skin types are not well established. Methods Thirty‐one healthy subjects with light (Fitzpatr...

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Published in:Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine photoimmunology & photomedicine, 2023-05, Vol.39 (3), p.204-212
Main Authors: Kim, Sooyoung, Rainer, Barbara M., Qi, Ji, Brown, Isabelle, Ogurtsova, Aleksandra, Leung, Sherry, Garza, Luis A., Kang, Sewon, Chien, Anna L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Erythema
Fitzpatrick skin type
Humans
Light
matrix remodeling
melanogenesis
oxidative stress
pigmentation
Skin - radiation effects
Skin Pigmentation
Ultraviolet Rays
visible light
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Summary:Background Visible light (VL) is known to induce pigmentation in dark‐skinned individuals and immediate erythema in light‐skinned individuals. However, the effects of accumulated low‐dose VL exposure across skin types are not well established. Methods Thirty‐one healthy subjects with light (Fitzpatrick skin types [FST] I‐II, n = 13) and dark (FST V‐VI, n = 18) skin types were enrolled. Subjects' buttocks were exposed daily to VL, wavelength 400–700 nm, with a dose of 120 J/cm2 at 50 mW/cm2, for four consecutive days. Microarray using Affymetrix GeneChip (49,395 genes) was performed followed by qRT‐PCR on skin samples. Results Repeated low‐dose VL irradiation induced immediate pigment darkening and delayed tanning in dark‐skinned individuals while no discernable pigmentation and erythema were observed in light‐skinned individuals. Top ten upregulated genes by repeated VL exposure in microarray included melanogenic genes such as tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 (TYRP1), dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), premelanosome protein (PMEL), melan‐A (MLANA), and solute carrier family 24, member 5 (SLC24A5) and genes involved in inflammation/matrix remodeling/cell signaling including chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 18 (CCL18), BCL2‐related protein A1 (BCL2A1), and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). In qRT‐PCR CCL18 was upregulated in light skin with a greater extent (mean fold change ± SD; 4.03 ± 3.28, p = .04) than in dark‐skinned individuals (1.91 ± 1.32, p = .07) while TYR was not significantly upregulated in both skin types. Conclusion This study highlights the genes upregulated by cumulative VL exposure involved in pigmentation, immune response, oxidation/reduction, and matrix remodeling across skin types providing relevant information on daily solar exposure.
ISSN:0905-4383
1600-0781
DOI:10.1111/phpp.12819