Inappropriate gestational weight gain impact on maternofetal outcomes in gestational diabetes

To evaluate the association between the dimension of deviation from appropriate gestational weight gain (GWG) and adverse maternofetal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We performed a multicentric retrospective study based on the Portuguese GDM Database. Women were classifi...

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Published in:Annals of medicine (Helsinki) 2023-12, Vol.55 (1), p.207-214
Main Authors: Santos Monteiro, Sílvia, S. Santos, Tiago, Fonseca, Liliana, Saraiva, Miguel, Pichel, Fernando, Pinto, Clara, Pereira, Maria T., Vilaverde, Joana, Almeida, Maria C., Dores, Jorge
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Birth Weight
Body Mass Index
Diabetes, Gestational - epidemiology
Female
Fetal Macrosomia - epidemiology
Fetal Macrosomia - etiology
Gestational diabetes mellitus
Gestational Weight Gain
Humans
Infant, Newborn
large for gestational age
macrosomia
Pregnancy
Pregnancy, Childbirth & Women's Health
Retrospective Studies
small for gestational age
Weight Gain
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Summary:To evaluate the association between the dimension of deviation from appropriate gestational weight gain (GWG) and adverse maternofetal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We performed a multicentric retrospective study based on the Portuguese GDM Database. Women were classified as within GWG, insufficient (IGWG) or excessive (EGWG) than the Institute of Medicine recommendations. EGWG and IGWG were calculated for each prepregnancy BMI category. Large-for-gestational-age (LGA) and macrosomia were defined as a birthweight more than the 90th percentile for the gestational age and newborn weight greater than 4000 g, respectively. Logistic regression models (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] plus 95% confidence interval [95%CI]) were derived to evaluate the association between EGWG or IGWG and adverse maternofetal outcomes. A total of 18961 pregnant women were included: 39.7% with IGWG and 27.8% with EGWG. An EGWG over 3 kg was associated with a higher risk of LGA infants (aOR 1.95, 95%CI 1.17-3.26) and macrosomia (aOR 2.01, 95%CI 1.23-3.27) in prepregnancy normal weight women. An EGWG greater than 4 kg was associated with a higher risk of LGA infants (aOR 1.67, 95%CI 1.23-2.23) and macrosomia (aOR 1.90, 95%CI 1.38-2.61) in obese women. In overweight women, an EGWG above 3.5 kg was associated with a higher risk of LGA infants (aOR 1.65, 95%CI 1.16-2.34), macrosomia (aOR 1.85, 95%CI 1.30-2.64), preeclampsia (aOR 2.40, 95%CI 1.45-3.98) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (aOR 2.21, 95%CI 1.52-3.21). An IGWG below −3.1 kg or −3kg was associated with a higher risk of small-for-gestational-age [SGA] infants in women with normal (OR 1.40, 95%CI 1.03-1.90) and underweight (OR 2.29, 95%CI 1.09-4.80), respectively. Inappropriate gestational weight gain seems to be associated with an increased risk for adverse maternofetal outcomes, regardless of prepregnancy BMI. Beyond glycemic control, weight management in women with GDM must be a focus of special attention to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. KEY MESSAGES The dimension of deviation from appropriate gestational weight gain was associated with an increased risk for adverse maternofetal outcomes among women with gestational diabetes. Weight management must be a focus of special attention in women with gestational diabetes to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes.
ISSN:0785-3890
1365-2060
DOI:10.1080/07853890.2022.2159063