Examining heterogeneity in depression symptoms and associations with cognition and everyday function in MCI

Although there is some evidence that different symptoms of depression have differential effects on cognition in older adults, these relationships remain understudied in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Older adults (>50 years old) were classified as having MCI by Alzheimer'...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology 2022-04, Vol.44 (3), p.185-194
Main Authors: Divers, Ross, Robinson, Anthony, Miller, Luke, Davis, Katrail, Reed, Christopher, Calamia, Matthew
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Alzheimer's disease
anhedonia
Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive ability
Cognitive Dysfunction - psychology
Depression - psychology
everyday function
Executive function
factor mixture modeling
Humans
Late-life depression
Medically Unexplained Symptoms
Mental depression
Middle Aged
mild cognitive impairment
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neuropsychological Tests
Older people
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Summary:Although there is some evidence that different symptoms of depression have differential effects on cognition in older adults, these relationships remain understudied in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Older adults (>50 years old) were classified as having MCI by Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRCs). Exploratory factor analyses and factor mixture modeling were used to determine depression symptom classes. Classes were then compared across different domains of cognition (i.e., memory, attention, language, and executive function) and informant-rated everyday function. Analyses revealed six, distinct symptom classes (i.e., somatic symptoms, severely depressed, anhedonic symptoms, cognitive symptoms, minimally depressed, and low life satisfaction symptoms). Classes significantly varied on all measures of cognition and everyday function. In particular, the anhedonic class often showed the most substantial decline (on par with the severely depressed class), while the low life satisfaction class often showed the least (on par with the minimally depressed class). To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between depression symptom profiles and cognitive and everyday function in those with MCI. Our findings show that depression symptoms greatly differ in their associations with cognitive and everyday function. It may be beneficial for clinicians to specifically note if patients with MCI are reporting anhedonic and somatic symptoms of depression specifically.
ISSN:1380-3395
1744-411X
DOI:10.1080/13803395.2022.2102154