Stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (HOP/STI1/STIP1) regulates the accumulation and toxicity of α-synuclein in vivo

The predominantly pre-synaptic intrinsically disordered protein α-synuclein is prone to misfolding and aggregation in synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Molecular chaperones play important roles in protein misfolding diseases and members of the c...

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Published in:Acta neuropathologica 2022-11, Vol.144 (5), p.881-910
Main Authors: Lackie, Rachel E., de Miranda, Aline S., Lim, Mei Peng, Novikov, Vladislav, Madrer, Nimrod, Karunatilleke, Nadun C., Rutledge, Benjamin S., Tullo, Stephanie, Brickenden, Anne, Maitland, Matthew E. R., Greenberg, David, Gallino, Daniel, Luo, Wen, Attaran, Anoosha, Shlaifer, Irina, Del Cid Pellitero, Esther, Schild-Poulter, Caroline, Durcan, Thomas M., Fon, Edward A., Duennwald, Martin, Beraldo, Flavio H., Chakravarty, M. Mallar, Bussey, Timothy J., Saksida, Lisa M., Soreq, Hermona, Choy, Wing-Yiu, Prado, Vania F., Prado, Marco A. M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
alpha-Synuclein - metabolism
alpha-Synuclein - toxicity
Animal models
Animals
Atrophy
Cognitive ability
Dementia disorders
Fibrils
Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism
Hsp70 protein
HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins - chemistry
HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism
Hsp90 protein
Humans
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
Lewy bodies
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Mice
Molecular Chaperones - metabolism
Movement disorders
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurosciences
Neurotoxicity
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Original Paper
Parkinson's disease
Pathology
Phosphoproteins
Phosphorylation
Polo-like kinase
Protein folding
Proteins
Synuclein
Ubiquitin
Ubiquitins
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Summary:The predominantly pre-synaptic intrinsically disordered protein α-synuclein is prone to misfolding and aggregation in synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Molecular chaperones play important roles in protein misfolding diseases and members of the chaperone machinery are often deposited in Lewy bodies. Here, we show that the Hsp90 co-chaperone STI1 co-immunoprecipitated α-synuclein, and co-deposited with Hsp90 and Hsp70 in insoluble protein fractions in two mouse models of α-synuclein misfolding. STI1 and Hsp90 also co-localized extensively with filamentous S129 phosphorylated α-synuclein in ubiquitin-positive inclusions. In PD human brains, STI1 transcripts were increased, and in neurologically healthy brains, STI1 and α-synuclein transcripts correlated. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses revealed direct interaction of α-synuclein with STI1 and indicated that the STI1 TPR2A, but not TPR1 or TPR2B domains, interacted with the C-terminal domain of α-synuclein. In vitro, the STI1 TPR2A domain facilitated S129 phosphorylation by Polo-like kinase 3. Moreover, mice over-expressing STI1 and Hsp90ß presented elevated α-synuclein S129 phosphorylation accompanied by inclusions when injected with α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils. In contrast, reduced STI1 function decreased protein inclusion formation, S129 α-synuclein phosphorylation, while mitigating motor and cognitive deficits as well as mesoscopic brain atrophy in α-synuclein-over-expressing mice. Our findings reveal a vicious cycle in which STI1 facilitates the generation and accumulation of toxic α-synuclein conformers, while α-synuclein-induced proteostatic stress increased insoluble STI1 and Hsp90.
ISSN:0001-6322
1432-0533
DOI:10.1007/s00401-022-02491-8