The impact of maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination and first trimester infection on feto‐maternal immune responses

Problem COVID‐19 infection during pregnancy increases maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Infection in the second or third trimester leads to changes in the decidual leukocyte populations. However, it is not known whether COVID‐19 infection in the first trimester or COVID‐19 vaccination duri...

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Published in:American journal of reproductive immunology (1989) 2022-12, Vol.88 (6), p.e13625-n/a
Main Authors: Juttukonda, Lillian J., Wachman, Elisha M., Boateng, Jeffery, Clarke, Katherine, Snyder‐Cappione, Jennifer, Taglauer, Elizabeth S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biopsy
COVID-19
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines
Cytokines
Decidua
decidual immunity
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Female
Fetuses
Humans
Immunity
Immunization
Immunofluorescence
Infections
Interleukin 6
Lymphocytes T
Macrophages
Morbidity
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Trimester, First
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Short Communication
Vaccination
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Summary:Problem COVID‐19 infection during pregnancy increases maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Infection in the second or third trimester leads to changes in the decidual leukocyte populations. However, it is not known whether COVID‐19 infection in the first trimester or COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy alters the decidual immune environment. Method of study We examined decidual biopsies obtained at delivery from women who had COVID‐19 in the first trimester (n = 8), were fully vaccinated against COVID‐19 during pregnancy (n = 17), or were neither infected nor vaccinated during pregnancy (n = 9). Decidual macrophages, NK cells, and T cells were quantified by immunofluorescence. Decidual IL‐6, IL‐10, and IP‐10 were quantified by ELISA. Results There were no differences in decidual macrophages, NK cells, T cells, or cytokines between the first trimester COVID‐19 group and the control group. The vaccinated cohort had lower levels of macrophages and NK cells compared to the control group. There were no differences in cytokines between the vaccinated and control groups. Conclusions COVID‐19 infection in the first trimester did not cause significant decidual leukocyte or cytokine changes at the maternal‐fetal interface. Additionally, vaccination was not associated with decidual inflammation, supporting the safety of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination during pregnancy.
ISSN:1046-7408
1600-0897
DOI:10.1111/aji.13625