Truncated FGFR2 is a clinically actionable oncogene in multiple cancers

Abstract Somatic hotspot mutations and structural amplifications and fusions that affect fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (encoded by FGFR2 ) occur in multiple types of cancer 1 . However, clinical responses to FGFR inhibitors have remained variable 1–9 , emphasizing the need to better understand...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nature (London) 2022-08, Vol.608 (7923), p.609-617
Main Authors: Zingg, Daniel, Bhin, Jinhyuk, Yemelyanenko, Julia, Kas, Sjors M., Rolfs, Frank, Lutz, Catrin, Lee, Jessica K., Klarenbeek, Sjoerd, Silverman, Ian M., Annunziato, Stefano, Chan, Chang S., Piersma, Sander R., Eijkman, Timo, Badoux, Madelon, Gogola, Ewa, Siteur, Bjørn, Sprengers, Justin, de Klein, Bim, de Goeij-de Haas, Richard R., Riedlinger, Gregory M., Ke, Hua, Madison, Russell, Drenth, Anne Paulien, van der Burg, Eline, Schut, Eva, Henneman, Linda, van Miltenburg, Martine H., Proost, Natalie, Zhen, Huiling, Wientjens, Ellen, de Bruijn, Roebi, de Ruiter, Julian R., Boon, Ute, de Korte-Grimmerink, Renske, van Gerwen, Bastiaan, Féliz, Luis, Abou-Alfa, Ghassan K., Ross, Jeffrey S., van de Ven, Marieke, Rottenberg, Sven, Cuppen, Edwin, Chessex, Anne Vaslin, Ali, Siraj M., Burn, Timothy C., Jimenez, Connie R., Ganesan, Shridar, Wessels, Lodewyk F. A., Jonkers, Jos
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amplification
Animal models
Cancer
Chromosomes
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2
Fibroblast growth factor receptors
Frameshift mutation
Genes
Genomes
Growth factors
Kinases
Mutation
Mutation hot spots
Oncogenes
Therapeutic targets
Tumors
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Summary:Abstract Somatic hotspot mutations and structural amplifications and fusions that affect fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (encoded by FGFR2 ) occur in multiple types of cancer 1 . However, clinical responses to FGFR inhibitors have remained variable 1–9 , emphasizing the need to better understand which FGFR2 alterations are oncogenic and therapeutically targetable. Here we apply transposon-based screening 10,11 and tumour modelling in mice 12,13 , and find that the truncation of exon 18 (E18) of Fgfr2 is a potent driver mutation. Human oncogenomic datasets revealed a diverse set of FGFR2 alterations, including rearrangements, E1–E17 partial amplifications, and E18 nonsense and frameshift mutations, each causing the transcription of E18-truncated FGFR2 ( FGFR2 ΔE18 ). Functional in vitro and in vivo examination of a compendium of FGFR2 ΔE18 and full-length variants pinpointed FGFR2 -E18 truncation as single-driver alteration in cancer. By contrast, the oncogenic competence of FGFR2 full-length amplifications depended on a distinct landscape of cooperating driver genes. This suggests that genomic alterations that generate stable FGFR2 ΔE18 variants are actionable therapeutic targets, which we confirmed in preclinical mouse and human tumour models, and in a clinical trial. We propose that cancers containing any FGFR2 variant with a truncated E18 should be considered for FGFR-targeted therapies.
ISSN:0028-0836
1476-4687
DOI:10.1038/s41586-022-05066-5