A Crowdsourcing Approach to Develop Machine Learning Models to Quantify Radiographic Joint Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis

An automated, accurate method is needed for unbiased assessment quantifying accrual of joint space narrowing and erosions on radiographic images of the hands and wrists, and feet for clinical trials, monitoring of joint damage over time, assisting rheumatologists with treatment decisions. Such a met...

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Published in:	JAMA network open 2022-08, Vol.5 (8), p.e2227423-e2227423
Main Authors:	Sun, Dongmei, Nguyen, Thanh M, Allaway, Robert J, Wang, Jelai, Chung, Verena, Yu, Thomas V, Mason, Michael, Dimitrovsky, Isaac, Ericson, Lars, Li, Hongyang, Guan, Yuanfang, Israel, Ariel, Olar, Alex, Pataki, Balint Armin, Stolovitzky, Gustavo, Guinney, Justin, Gulko, Percio S, Frazier, Mason B, Chen, Jake Y, Costello, James C, Bridges, Jr, S Louis
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Arthritis, Rheumatoid - diagnostic imaging Arthritis, Rheumatoid - drug therapy Bayes Theorem Crowdsourcing Humans Machine Learning Online Only Original Investigation Reproducibility of Results Statistics and Research Methods
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Summary:	An automated, accurate method is needed for unbiased assessment quantifying accrual of joint space narrowing and erosions on radiographic images of the hands and wrists, and feet for clinical trials, monitoring of joint damage over time, assisting rheumatologists with treatment decisions. Such a method has the potential to be directly integrated into electronic health records. To design and implement an international crowdsourcing competition to catalyze the development of machine learning methods to quantify radiographic damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This diagnostic/prognostic study describes the Rheumatoid Arthritis 2-Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessment and Methods (RA2-DREAM Challenge), which used existing radiographic images and expert-curated Sharp-van der Heijde (SvH) scores from 2 clinical studies (674 radiographic sets from 562 patients) for training (367 sets), leaderboard (119 sets), and final evaluation (188 sets). Challenge participants were tasked with developing methods to automatically quantify overall damage (subchallenge 1), joint space narrowing (subchallenge 2), and erosions (subchallenge 3). The challenge was finished on June 30, 2020. Scores derived from submitted algorithms were compared with the expert-curated SvH scores, and a baseline model was created for benchmark comparison. Performances were ranked using weighted root mean square error (RMSE). The performance and reproductivity of each algorithm was assessed using Bayes factor from bootstrapped data, and further evaluated with a postchallenge independent validation data set. The RA2-DREAM Challenge received a total of 173 submissions from 26 participants or teams in 7 countries for the leaderboard round, and 13 submissions were included in the final evaluation. The weighted RMSEs metric showed that the winning algorithms produced scores that were very close to the expert-curated SvH scores. Top teams included Team Shirin for subchallenge 1 (weighted RMSE, 0.44), HYL-YFG (Hongyang Li and Yuanfang Guan) subchallenge 2 (weighted RMSE, 0.38), and Gold Therapy for subchallenge 3 (weighted RMSE, 0.43). Bootstrapping/Bayes factor approach and the postchallenge independent validation confirmed the reproducibility and the estimation concordance indices between final evaluation and postchallenge independent validation data set were 0.71 for subchallenge 1, 0.78 for subchallenge 2, and 0.82 for subchallenge 3. The RA2-DREAM Challenge resulted in the development of algorithm
ISSN:	2574-3805 2574-3805