The impact of mindfulness training in early adolescence on affective executive control, and on later mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomised controlled trial

BackgroundPrevious research suggests that mindfulness training (MT) appears effective at improving mental health in young people. MT is proposed to work through improving executive control in affectively laden contexts. However, it is unclear whether MT improves such control in young people. MT appe...

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Published in:	BMJ mental health 2022-08, Vol.25 (3), p.110-116
Main Authors:	Dunning, Darren, Ahmed, S, Foulkes, L, Griffin, C, Griffiths, K, Leung, J T, Parker, J, Piera Pi-Sunyer, Blanca, Sakhardande, A, Bennett, M, Haag, C, Montero-Marin, Jesus, Packman, D, Vainre, Maris, Watson, P, Kuyken, Willem, Williams, J Mark G, Ukoumunne, Obioha C, Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne, Dalgleish, Tim, Baer, Ruth, Brett, Daniel, Farley, Eleanor-Rose, Casey, Triona, Dalrymple, Nicola, Wilde, Katherine De, Fletcher, Katie, Harper, Jennifer, Hinze, Verena, Kapplemann, Nils, Kempnich, Maria, Komnindou, Konstantina, Laws, Suzannah, Lord, Liz, Medlicott, Emma, Palmer, Lucy, Petit, Ariane, Phillips, Alice, Pryor-Nitsch, Isobel, Radley, Lucy, Raja, Anam, Sellars, Elsie, Shackleford, Jem, Sonley, Anna, Taylor, Laura, Tickell, Alice, Warriner, Lucy, Byford, Sarah, Greenberg, Mark, Ford, Tamsin, Gathercole, Susan, Viner, Russell, Zelazo, Phil, Knight, Rachel, Pi-Sunyer, Blanca Piera, Thomas, Kirsten, Ball, Susan, Ben Jones, Poushali Ganguli, Allen, Nick, Bogels, Susan, Cuijpers, Pim, Domitrovich, Celene, Frith, Uta, Moffitt, Terrie, Patel, Vikram
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Child & adolescent psychiatry Child and Adolescent Mental Health Child development Clinical trials Coronaviruses COVID-19 Curricula Data collection Executive function Homework Hypotheses Intervention Medical research Mental health Mindfulness Pandemics Students Teenagers
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Summary:	BackgroundPrevious research suggests that mindfulness training (MT) appears effective at improving mental health in young people. MT is proposed to work through improving executive control in affectively laden contexts. However, it is unclear whether MT improves such control in young people. MT appears to mitigate mental health difficulties during periods of stress, but any mitigating effects against COVID-related difficulties remain unexamined.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether MT (intervention) versus psychoeducation (Psy-Ed; control), implemented in after-school classes: (1) Improves affective executive control; and/or (2) Mitigates negative mental health impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA parallel randomised controlled trial (RCT) was conducted (Registration: https://osf.io/d6y9q/; Funding: Wellcome (WT104908/Z/14/Z, WT107496/Z/15/Z)). 460 students aged 11-16 years were recruited and randomised 1:1 to either MT (N=235) or Psy-Ed (N=225) and assessed preintervention and postintervention on experimental tasks and self-report inventories of affective executive control. The RCT was then extended to evaluate protective functions of MT on mental health assessed after the first UK COVID-19 lockdown.FindingsResults provided no evidence that the version of MT used here improved affective executive control after training or mitigated negative consequences on mental health of the COVID-19 pandemic relative to Psy-Ed. No adverse events were reported.ConclusionsThere is no evidence that MT improves affective control or downstream mental health of young people during stressful periods.Clinical implicationsWe need to identify interventions that can enhance affective control and thereby young people’s mental health.
ISSN:	1362-0347 1468-960X 2755-9734