Development and validation of a Fast gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the determination of cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L

A routine method for determining cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. inflorescence, based on Fast gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (Fast GC/MS), was developed and validated. To avoid the decarboxylation of carboxyl group of cannabinoids, different derivatization approaches, i.e. silyla...

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Published in:Yàowu shi͡p︡in fenxi 2018-10, Vol.26 (4), p.1283-1292
Main Authors: Cardenia, Vladimiro, Gallina Toschi, Tullia, Scappini, Simona, Rubino, Rosamaria Cristina, Rodriguez-Estrada, Maria Teresa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetic acid
Acids
Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids - chemistry
Cannabis
Cannabis - chemistry
Cannabis sativa
Carboxyl group
Chemical synthesis
Chromatography
Decarboxylation
Diazomethane
Esterification
Ethyl acetate
Fast gas chromatography
Gas chromatography
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods
Hemp
Marijuana
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Methylation
Molecular Structure
Organic chemistry
Original
Plant Extracts - chemistry
Pyridines
Reagents
Reproducibility
Scientific imaging
Seeds
Sensitivity
Sensitivity and Specificity
Sensors
Spectroscopy
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c483t-54c56d04e7d20696278d2c313cf5372c500286502a6d3fbd007ae21968601fe83
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container_title Yàowu shi͡p︡in fenxi
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creator Cardenia, Vladimiro
Gallina Toschi, Tullia
Scappini, Simona
Rubino, Rosamaria Cristina
Rodriguez-Estrada, Maria Teresa
description A routine method for determining cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. inflorescence, based on Fast gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (Fast GC/MS), was developed and validated. To avoid the decarboxylation of carboxyl group of cannabinoids, different derivatization approaches, i.e. silylation and esterification (diazomethane-mediated), reagents and solvents (pyridine or ethyl acetate), were tested. The methylation significantly increased the signal-to-noise ratio of all carboxylic cannabinoids, except for cannabigerolic acid (CBGA). Since diazomethane is not commercially available, is considered a hazardous reactive and requires 1-day synthesis by specialized chemical staff, silylation was used along the whole validation of a routine method. The method gave a fast (total analysis time  1.1), with a good repeatability (intraday 
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.06.001
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To avoid the decarboxylation of carboxyl group of cannabinoids, different derivatization approaches, i.e. silylation and esterification (diazomethane-mediated), reagents and solvents (pyridine or ethyl acetate), were tested. The methylation significantly increased the signal-to-noise ratio of all carboxylic cannabinoids, except for cannabigerolic acid (CBGA). Since diazomethane is not commercially available, is considered a hazardous reactive and requires 1-day synthesis by specialized chemical staff, silylation was used along the whole validation of a routine method. The method gave a fast (total analysis time < 7.0 min) and satisfactory resolution (R > 1.1), with a good repeatability (intraday < 8.38%; interday < 11.10%) and sensitivity (LOD < 11.20 ng/mL). The Fast GC/MS method suitability for detection of cannabinoids in hemp inflorescences, was tested; a good repeatability (intraday < 9.80%; interday < 8.63%), sensitivity (LOD < 58.89 ng/mg) and robustness (<9.52%) was also obtained. In the analyzed samples, the main cannabinoid was cannabidiolic acid (CBDA, 5.19 ± 0.58 g/100 g), followed by cannabidiol (CBD, 1.56 ± 0.03 g/100 g) and CBGA (0.83 g/100 g). Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarine (THCV) was present at trace level. Therefore, the developed routine Fast GC/MS method could be a valid alternative for a fast, robust and high sensitive determination of main cannabinoids present in hemp inflorescences. [Display omitted] •A Fast GC/MS method for determining cannabinoids in hemp inflorescence was set-up.•Ten cannabinoids were well separated in < 7 min, with satisfactory resolution.•A routine method was validated (repeatability, sensitivity and reproducibility).•The method suitability in hemp inflorescences was tested and validated.•This Fast GC/MS method could be a good alternative for cannabinoid determination.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 1021-9498</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2224-6614</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.06.001</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30249327</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>China (Republic : 1949- ): Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Acetic acid ; Acids ; Cannabinoids ; Cannabinoids - chemistry ; Cannabis ; Cannabis - chemistry ; Cannabis sativa ; Carboxyl group ; Chemical synthesis ; Chromatography ; Decarboxylation ; Diazomethane ; Esterification ; Ethyl acetate ; Fast gas chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods ; Hemp ; Marijuana ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Methylation ; Molecular Structure ; Organic chemistry ; Original ; Plant Extracts - chemistry ; Pyridines ; Reagents ; Reproducibility ; Scientific imaging ; Seeds ; Sensitivity ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sensors ; Spectroscopy</subject><ispartof>Yàowu shi͡p︡in fenxi, 2018-10, Vol.26 (4), p.1283-1292</ispartof><rights>2018</rights><rights>Copyright © 2018. 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To avoid the decarboxylation of carboxyl group of cannabinoids, different derivatization approaches, i.e. silylation and esterification (diazomethane-mediated), reagents and solvents (pyridine or ethyl acetate), were tested. The methylation significantly increased the signal-to-noise ratio of all carboxylic cannabinoids, except for cannabigerolic acid (CBGA). Since diazomethane is not commercially available, is considered a hazardous reactive and requires 1-day synthesis by specialized chemical staff, silylation was used along the whole validation of a routine method. The method gave a fast (total analysis time < 7.0 min) and satisfactory resolution (R > 1.1), with a good repeatability (intraday < 8.38%; interday < 11.10%) and sensitivity (LOD < 11.20 ng/mL). The Fast GC/MS method suitability for detection of cannabinoids in hemp inflorescences, was tested; a good repeatability (intraday < 9.80%; interday < 8.63%), sensitivity (LOD < 58.89 ng/mg) and robustness (<9.52%) was also obtained. In the analyzed samples, the main cannabinoid was cannabidiolic acid (CBDA, 5.19 ± 0.58 g/100 g), followed by cannabidiol (CBD, 1.56 ± 0.03 g/100 g) and CBGA (0.83 g/100 g). Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarine (THCV) was present at trace level. Therefore, the developed routine Fast GC/MS method could be a valid alternative for a fast, robust and high sensitive determination of main cannabinoids present in hemp inflorescences. [Display omitted] •A Fast GC/MS method for determining cannabinoids in hemp inflorescence was set-up.•Ten cannabinoids were well separated in < 7 min, with satisfactory resolution.•A routine method was validated (repeatability, sensitivity and reproducibility).•The method suitability in hemp inflorescences was tested and validated.•This Fast GC/MS method could be a good alternative for cannabinoid determination.]]></description><subject>Acetic acid</subject><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Cannabinoids</subject><subject>Cannabinoids - chemistry</subject><subject>Cannabis</subject><subject>Cannabis - chemistry</subject><subject>Cannabis sativa</subject><subject>Carboxyl group</subject><subject>Chemical synthesis</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Decarboxylation</subject><subject>Diazomethane</subject><subject>Esterification</subject><subject>Ethyl acetate</subject><subject>Fast gas chromatography</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods</subject><subject>Hemp</subject><subject>Marijuana</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Methylation</subject><subject>Molecular Structure</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - chemistry</subject><subject>Pyridines</subject><subject>Reagents</subject><subject>Reproducibility</subject><subject>Scientific imaging</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Sensitivity</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Sensors</subject><subject>Spectroscopy</subject><issn>1021-9498</issn><issn>2224-6614</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kdGO1CAUhonRuOPqC3hhSLxu93Da0jYxJmZ0V5NJvNFrwgCdMplCBabJPIMvLZNZJ-6NNxDgPx8HPkLeMigZMH63L_eDliUC60rgJQB7RlaIWBecs_o5WTFAVvR1392QVzHuAXhT9fiS3FSAdV9huyK_P5vFHPw8GZeodJou8mC1TNY76gcq6b2Mie5kpGoMfpLJ74Kcx9PdJGOkcTYq5W2TwonmcfSaDj7QNBqqTTJhsu7KUtI5ubXOWx2pdXR9WWdKjiySbl6TF4M8RPPmcb4lP--__Fh_LTbfH76tP20KVXdVKppaNVxDbVqNwHuObadRVaxSQ1O1qBoA7HgDKLmuhq0GaKVB1vOOAxtMV92SjxfufNxORqv89CAPYg52kuEkvLTi6Ymzo9j5RfTYdw0_A94_AoL_dTQxib0_Bpd7FsgYNDUyrHMKLykVfIzBDNcbGIizQLEXZ4HiLFAAF1lgLnr3b2_Xkr_GcuDDJWDyDy3WBBGVNU4ZbUOWIbS3_-P_AbQnruE</recordid><startdate>20181001</startdate><enddate>20181001</enddate><creator>Cardenia, Vladimiro</creator><creator>Gallina Toschi, Tullia</creator><creator>Scappini, Simona</creator><creator>Rubino, Rosamaria Cristina</creator><creator>Rodriguez-Estrada, Maria Teresa</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Food and Drug Administration</general><general>Taiwan Food and Drug Administration</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RQ</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8869-8674</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20181001</creationdate><title>Development and validation of a Fast gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the determination of cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L</title><author>Cardenia, Vladimiro ; 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To avoid the decarboxylation of carboxyl group of cannabinoids, different derivatization approaches, i.e. silylation and esterification (diazomethane-mediated), reagents and solvents (pyridine or ethyl acetate), were tested. The methylation significantly increased the signal-to-noise ratio of all carboxylic cannabinoids, except for cannabigerolic acid (CBGA). Since diazomethane is not commercially available, is considered a hazardous reactive and requires 1-day synthesis by specialized chemical staff, silylation was used along the whole validation of a routine method. The method gave a fast (total analysis time < 7.0 min) and satisfactory resolution (R > 1.1), with a good repeatability (intraday < 8.38%; interday < 11.10%) and sensitivity (LOD < 11.20 ng/mL). The Fast GC/MS method suitability for detection of cannabinoids in hemp inflorescences, was tested; a good repeatability (intraday < 9.80%; interday < 8.63%), sensitivity (LOD < 58.89 ng/mg) and robustness (<9.52%) was also obtained. In the analyzed samples, the main cannabinoid was cannabidiolic acid (CBDA, 5.19 ± 0.58 g/100 g), followed by cannabidiol (CBD, 1.56 ± 0.03 g/100 g) and CBGA (0.83 g/100 g). Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarine (THCV) was present at trace level. Therefore, the developed routine Fast GC/MS method could be a valid alternative for a fast, robust and high sensitive determination of main cannabinoids present in hemp inflorescences. [Display omitted] •A Fast GC/MS method for determining cannabinoids in hemp inflorescence was set-up.•Ten cannabinoids were well separated in < 7 min, with satisfactory resolution.•A routine method was validated (repeatability, sensitivity and reproducibility).•The method suitability in hemp inflorescences was tested and validated.•This Fast GC/MS method could be a good alternative for cannabinoid determination.]]></abstract><cop>China (Republic : 1949- )</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>30249327</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jfda.2018.06.001</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8869-8674</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 1021-9498
ispartof Yàowu shi͡p︡in fenxi, 2018-10, Vol.26 (4), p.1283-1292
issn 1021-9498
2224-6614
language eng
recordid cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9298568
source ScienceDirect Journals; PubMed Central
subjects Acetic acid
Acids
Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids - chemistry
Cannabis
Cannabis - chemistry
Cannabis sativa
Carboxyl group
Chemical synthesis
Chromatography
Decarboxylation
Diazomethane
Esterification
Ethyl acetate
Fast gas chromatography
Gas chromatography
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods
Hemp
Marijuana
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Methylation
Molecular Structure
Organic chemistry
Original
Plant Extracts - chemistry
Pyridines
Reagents
Reproducibility
Scientific imaging
Seeds
Sensitivity
Sensitivity and Specificity
Sensors
Spectroscopy
title Development and validation of a Fast gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the determination of cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L
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