Exercise and Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Adult Female Smokers: A Pilot Trial

Background: Although Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes (RNC) are suggested to improve smoking cessation and cardiometabolic health in relation to cancer risk, the effectiveness of exercise training with RNC on smoking cessation and cardiometabolic health is unknown. Methods: Female smokers (N = 27) were r...

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Published in:International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-05, Vol.19 (11), p.6647
Main Authors: Li, Chaofan, Yao, Nengliang, Miller, Stephanie L, Macpherson, Christopher, Hassinger, Taryn, Love, Kaitlin, Malin, Steven K
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cholesterol
Cigarette smoking
Cigarettes
Dependence
Drug addiction
Drug dependence
Exercise
Exercise intensity
Female
Females
Fitness equipment
Fitness training programs
Health risks
Heart rate
High density lipoprotein
Humans
Insulin
Insulin resistance
Laboratories
Metabolism
Mortality
Nicotine
Oxidation
Oxygen consumption
Physical fitness
Physical training
Pilot Projects
Signs and symptoms
Smokers
Smoking
Smoking cessation
Tobacco Products
Tobacco Use Disorder - therapy
Variance analysis
Womens health
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Summary:Background: Although Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes (RNC) are suggested to improve smoking cessation and cardiometabolic health in relation to cancer risk, the effectiveness of exercise training with RNC on smoking cessation and cardiometabolic health is unknown. Methods: Female smokers (N = 27) were randomized to: (1) usual nicotine cigarettes (i.e., control), (2) RNC or (3) RNC plus exercise treatment for 12 weeks. Smoking withdrawal symptoms (e.g., Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale) and cardiometabolic health (e.g., weight, VO2max, resting respiratory exchange ratio (RER), glucose, HOMA-IR) were examined before and after treatment. Results: Treatments had no differential effect on weight (p = 0.80; partial η2 = 0.29), VO2max (p = 0.20, partial η2 = 0.18), or total cholesterol/HDL ratios (p = 0.59, partial η2 = 0.06). However, RNC + Exercise tended to maintain RER (i.e., fat oxidation; p = 0.10, partial η2 = 0.10) as well as insulin resistance (p = 0.13, partial η2 = 0.25) and cortisol compared (p = 0.06, partial η2 = 0.30) with control and RNC. Increased VO2max was also associated with lower nicotine dependence scores (r = −0.50, p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this pilot study, improved fitness was associated with lower nicotine dependence. Additional work is warranted to examine the effects of exercise in smokers as a tool to improving smoking cessation and lower disease risk.
ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph19116647