Largely intact memory for spatial locations during navigation in an individual with dense amnesia

Spatial navigation and event memory (termed episodic memory) are thought to be heavily intertwined, both in terms of their cognitive processes and underlying neural systems. Some theoretical models posit that both memory for places during navigation and episodic memory depend on highly overlapping b...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neuropsychologia 2022-06, Vol.170, p.108225-108225, Article 108225
Main Authors: McAvan, Andrew S., Wank, Aubrey A., Rapcsak, Steven Z., Grilli, Matthew D., Ekstrom, Arne D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allocentric
Amnesia
Amnesia - pathology
Episodic memory
Hippocampus
Hippocampus - pathology
Humans
Lesion
Medial temporal lobe function
Memory, Episodic
Spatial Memory
Spatial Navigation
Temporal Lobe - pathology
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Summary:Spatial navigation and event memory (termed episodic memory) are thought to be heavily intertwined, both in terms of their cognitive processes and underlying neural systems. Some theoretical models posit that both memory for places during navigation and episodic memory depend on highly overlapping brain systems. Here, we assessed this relationship by testing navigation in an individual with severe retrograde and anterograde amnesia; the amnesia stemmed from bilateral lesions in the medial temporal lobes from two separate strokes. The individual with amnesia and age-matched controls were tested on their memories for the locations of previously seen objects relative to distal mountain cues in an immersive virtual environment involving free ambulation. All participants were tested from both repeated and novel start locations and when a single distal mountain cue was unknowingly moved to determine if they relied on a single (beacon) cue to a greater extent than the collection of all distal cues. Compared to age-matched controls, the individual with amnesia showed no significant deficits in navigation from either the repeated or novel start points, although both the individual with amnesia and controls performed well above chance at placing objects near their correct locations. The individual with amnesia also relied on a combination of distal cues in a manner comparable to age-matched controls. Despite largely intact memory for locations using distal cues, the individual with amnesia walked longer paths, rotated more, and took longer to complete trials. Our findings suggest that memory for places during navigation and episodic memory may involve partially dissociable brain circuits and that other brain regions outside of the medial temporal lobe partially support some aspects of navigation. At the same time, the fact that the individual with amnesia walked more circuitous paths and had dense amnesia for autobiographic events supports the idea that the hippocampus may be important for binding information as part of a larger role in memory. •We tested a person with severely impaired episodic memory on a spatial task with free ambulation and hidden target objects.•This individual had a bilateral lesion to the medial temporal lobes due to two separate strokes.•The individual performed comparably to controls and above chance at finding the hidden targets using distal cues.•Our findings support episodic and place memory involving partially dissociable brain circuits
ISSN:0028-3932
1873-3514
DOI:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108225