Association of Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Measures With Cognition and Dementia Risk in Australian Adults

Up to 40% of dementia cases are potentially preventable; therefore, it is important to identify high-risk groups to whom resources could be targeted for maximal impact in preventing late-life dementia. The association of neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) with cognition and dementia risk...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:JAMA network open 2022-03, Vol.5 (3), p.e224071-e224071
Main Authors: Pase, Matthew P, Rowsthorn, Ella, Cavuoto, Marina G, Lavale, Alexandra, Yassi, Nawaf, Maruff, Paul, Buckley, Rachel F, Lim, Yen Ying
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Australia - epidemiology
Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Cross-Sectional Studies
Dementia
Dementia - epidemiology
Female
Humans
Memory
Middle Aged
Neighborhoods
Neurology
Online Only
Original Investigation
Socioeconomic Factors
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Summary:Up to 40% of dementia cases are potentially preventable; therefore, it is important to identify high-risk groups to whom resources could be targeted for maximal impact in preventing late-life dementia. The association of neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) with cognition and dementia risk is not well known, particularly in midlife when late-life dementia may still be preventable through established interventions, such as blood pressure management. To examine whether neighborhood-level SES is associated with differences in cognitive performance and dementia risk scores. This cross-sectional study analyzed data collected between November 17, 2016, and April 14, 2020, from 4656 participants in the longitudinal population-based Healthy Brain Project cohort. This large online cohort comprised community-dwelling individuals geographically dispersed across Australia. Participants were aged 40 to 70 years without dementia or other major neurological conditions. Neighborhood-level SES was computed by matching participants' residential addresses to the Australian Bureau of Statistics Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage (IRSAD). Postcodes provided by each participant were used to derive an IRSAD score that ranked participants according to deciles of neighborhood-level SES (range, 1-10, with higher deciles indicating greater socioeconomic advantage); neighborhoods in deciles 1 to 7 were considered to have low or intermediate SES, and neighborhoods in deciles 8 to 10 were considered to have high SES. Dementia risk estimated using the dementia risk score from the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE) tool (n = 4656) and cognitive composite scores for memory and attention measured by the Cogstate Brief Battery (n = 2181). Of 4656 participants (mean [SD] age, 56.1 [7.2] years; 3445 women [74.0%]), 2688 individuals (57.7%) lived in areas with high neighborhood-level SES (IRSAD decile ≥8), and 1968 (42.3%) lived in areas with low or intermediate neighborhood-level SES (IRSAD decile
ISSN:2574-3805
2574-3805
DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.4071