Application of ADSCs and their Exosomes in Scar Prevention

Scar is a common way of healing after tissue injury. The poor scar healing will not only cause dysfunction of tissues and organs but also affect the appearance of the patients’ body surface, which causes the pressure of life and spirit to the patients. However, the formation of scar tissue is an ext...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Stem cell reviews and reports 2022-03, Vol.18 (3), p.952-967
Main Authors: Li, Cong, Wei, Shuqiang, Xu, Quanchen, Sun, Yu, Ning, Xuchao, Wang, Zhiguo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipose Tissue
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Body fat
Cell Biology
Cicatrix - prevention & control
Dermis
Exosomes
Extracellular matrix
Fibroblasts
Humans
Life Sciences
Paracrine signalling
Patients
Pluripotency
Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering
Scars
Stem Cells
Wound Healing
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Summary:Scar is a common way of healing after tissue injury. The poor scar healing will not only cause dysfunction of tissues and organs but also affect the appearance of the patients’ body surface, which causes the pressure of life and spirit to the patients. However, the formation of scar tissue is an extremely complex process and its mechanism is not fully understood. At present, there is no treatment method to eliminate scars completely. Fibroblasts are the most abundant cells in the dermis, which have the ability to synthesize and remodel extracellular matrix (ECM). Myofibroblasts actively participate in the wound healing process and influence the outcome. Therefore, both of them play important roles in wound healing and scar formation. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are pluripotent stem cells that can act on target cells by paracrine. Adipose tissue stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) are important secretory substances of ADSCs. They are nanomembrane vesicles that can transport a variety of cellular components and fuse with target cells. In this review, we will discuss the effects of ADSCs and ADSC-Exos on the behavior of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts during wound healing and scarring stage in combination with recent studies. Graphical Abstract
ISSN:2629-3269
2629-3277
DOI:10.1007/s12015-021-10252-5