Different circulating biomarkers in women and men with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: results from the AF-RISK and RACE V studies

Abstract Aims The clinical risk profile of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients is different in men and women. Our aim was to identify sex differences in blood biomarkers in patients with paroxysmal AF. Methods and results Sex differences in 92 blood biomarkers were measured in 364 patients included in...

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Published in:Europace (London, England) England), 2022-02, Vol.24 (2), p.193-201
Main Authors: De With, Ruben R, Artola Arita, Vicente, Nguyen, Bao-Oanh, Linz, Dominik, Ten Cate, Hugo, Spronk, Henri, Schotten, Ulrich, Jan van Zonneveld, Anton, Erküner, Ömer, Bayón, M Agustina, Schmidt, Anders S, Luermans, Justin G L M, Crijns, Harry J G M, Van Gelder, Isabelle C, Rienstra, Michiel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Remodeling
Biomarkers
Clinical Research
Cohort Studies
Female
Heart Failure
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
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Summary:Abstract Aims The clinical risk profile of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients is different in men and women. Our aim was to identify sex differences in blood biomarkers in patients with paroxysmal AF. Methods and results Sex differences in 92 blood biomarkers were measured in 364 patients included in our discovery cohort, the identification of a risk profile to guide atrial fibrillation therapy (AF-RISK) study, assessed by multivariable logistic regression and enrichment pathway analysis. Findings were subsequently confirmed in 213 patients included in our validation cohort, the Reappraisal of Atrial Fibrillation: Interaction between HyperCoagulability, Electrical remodelling, and Vascular Destabilisation in the Progression of AF (RACE V) study. In the discovery cohort, mean age was 59 ± 12 years, 41% were women. CHA2DS2-VASc-score was 1.6 ± 1.4. A total of 46% had hypertension, 10% diabetes, and 50% had heart failure, predominantly with preserved ejection fraction (47%). In women, activated leucocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) and fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP-4) were higher. In men, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), C-C motif chemokine-16 (CCL-16), and myoglobin were higher. In the validation cohort, four out of five biomarkers could be confirmed: levels of ALCAM (P = 1.73 × 10–4) and FABP-4 (P = 2.46 × 10–7) and adhesion biological pathways [false discovery rate (FDR) = 1.23 × 10–8] were higher in women. In men, levels of MMP-3 (P = 4.31 × 10–8) and myoglobin (P = 2.10 × 10–4) and markers for extracellular matrix degradation biological pathways (FDR = 3.59 × 10–9) were higher. Conclusion In women with paroxysmal AF, inflammatory biomarkers were more often higher, while in men with paroxysmal AF, biomarkers for vascular remodelling were higher. Our data support the clinical notion that pathophysiological mechanisms in women and men with AF may differ. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01510210 for AF-RISK; Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02726698 for RACE V. Graphical Abstract
ISSN:1099-5129
1532-2092
DOI:10.1093/europace/euab179