SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces immunological T cell memory able to cross-recognize variants from Alpha to Omicron

We address whether T cell responses induced by different vaccine platforms (mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.COV2.S, and NVX-CoV2373) cross-recognize early SARS-CoV-2 variants. T cell responses to early variants were preserved across vaccine platforms. By contrast, significant overall decreases were observ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell 2022-03, Vol.185 (5), p.847-859.e11
Main Authors: Tarke, Alison, Coelho, Camila H., Zhang, Zeli, Dan, Jennifer M., Yu, Esther Dawen, Methot, Nils, Bloom, Nathaniel I., Goodwin, Benjamin, Phillips, Elizabeth, Mallal, Simon, Sidney, John, Filaci, Gilberto, Weiskopf, Daniela, da Silva Antunes, Ricardo, Crotty, Shane, Grifoni, Alba, Sette, Alessandro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ad26COVS1 - administration & dosage
Ad26COVS1 - immunology
B cells
BNT162 Vaccine - administration & dosage
BNT162 Vaccine - immunology
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism
COVID-19 - pathology
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 - virology
COVID-19 vaccines
COVID-19 Vaccines - administration & dosage
COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology
Delta
epitopes
Epitopes - immunology
Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte - immunology
Humans
Memory B Cells - immunology
Memory B Cells - metabolism
Memory T Cells - immunology
Memory T Cells - metabolism
Omicron
SARS-COV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification
SARS-CoV-2 - metabolism
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
T cells
Vaccination
VOC
VOI
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Summary:We address whether T cell responses induced by different vaccine platforms (mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.COV2.S, and NVX-CoV2373) cross-recognize early SARS-CoV-2 variants. T cell responses to early variants were preserved across vaccine platforms. By contrast, significant overall decreases were observed for memory B cells and neutralizing antibodies. In subjects ∼6 months post-vaccination, 90% (CD4+) and 87% (CD8+) of memory T cell responses were preserved against variants on average by AIM assay, and 84% (CD4+) and 85% (CD8+) preserved against Omicron. Omicron RBD memory B cell recognition was substantially reduced to 42% compared with other variants. T cell epitope repertoire analysis revealed a median of 11 and 10 spike epitopes recognized by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, with average preservation > 80% for Omicron. Functional preservation of the majority of T cell responses may play an important role as a second-level defense against diverse variants. [Display omitted] •T cells of vaccinees recognize SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron•RBD memory B cells’ recognition of Omicron is reduced•A median of 11 CD4 and 10 CD8 spike epitopes are recognized in vaccinees•Average preservation > 80% for Omicron at the epitope level Human memory T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines maintain the ability to recognize viral variants, including the Omicron variant.
ISSN:0092-8674
1097-4172
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.015