Forest frontiers out of control: The long-term effects of discourses, policies, and markets on conservation and development of the Brazilian Amazon

With the Brazilian military governments of the 1960s, systematic economic development of the Amazon began. Social and environmental concerns have entered Amazonian discourses and policies only since the 1990s. Since then, reports of threats to forests and indigenous people have alternated with repor...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Ambio 2021-12, Vol.50 (12), p.2199-2223
Main Authors:	Pokorny, Benno, Pacheco, Pablo, de Jong, Wil, Entenmann, Steffen Karl
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Atmospheric Sciences Conservation Deforestation Earth and Environmental Science Ecology Economic development Environment Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology Environmental Management Environmental policy Global Forest Environmental Frontiers Indigenous peoples Land use Long term Long-term effects Military regimes Physical Geography Policies Regions
Online Access:	Get full text
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Summary:	With the Brazilian military governments of the 1960s, systematic economic development of the Amazon began. Social and environmental concerns have entered Amazonian discourses and policies only since the 1990s. Since then, reports of threats to forests and indigenous people have alternated with reports of socio-economic progress and environmental achievements. These contradictions often arise from limited thematic, sectoral, temporal, or spatial perspectives, and lead to misinterpretation. Our paper offers a comprehensive picture of discourses, policies, and socio-environmental dynamics for the entire region over the last five decades. We distinguish eight historical policy phases, each of which had little effect on near-linear dynamics of demographic growth and land-use expansion, although some policies showed the potential to change the course of development. To prevent local, national, and international actors from continuing to assert harmful interests in the region, a coherent long-term commitment and change in the collective mindset are needed.
ISSN:	0044-7447 1654-7209