Men and Women Differ in the Biochemical Composition of Platelet-Rich Plasma

Background: Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used for a variety of clinical applications. However, clinical outcome studies have not consistently shown positive effects. The composition of PRP differs based on many factors. An improved understanding of factors influencing the composit...

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Published in:The American journal of sports medicine 2018-02, Vol.46 (2), p.409-419
Main Authors: Xiong, Grace, Lingampalli, Nithya, Koltsov, Jayme C.B., Leung, Lawrence L., Bhutani, Nidhi, Robinson, William H., Chu, Constance R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Age
Age Factors
Becaplermin - blood
Biochemistry
C-Reactive Protein - analysis
Cytokines
Female
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 - blood
Gender
Growth factors
Humans
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - analysis
Interleukin-1beta - blood
Laboratories
Leukocytes - metabolism
Male
Middle Aged
Plasma
Platelet Count
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor - analysis
Platelet-Rich Plasma - chemistry
Proteins
Proteomics
Sex Characteristics
Sports medicine
Studies
Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - blood
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - blood
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Young Adult
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Summary:Background: Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used for a variety of clinical applications. However, clinical outcome studies have not consistently shown positive effects. The composition of PRP differs based on many factors. An improved understanding of factors influencing the composition of PRP is important for the optimization of PRP use. Hypothesis: Age and sex influence the PRP composition in healthy patients. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Blood from 39 healthy patients was collected at a standardized time and processed into leukocyte-poor PRP within 1 hour of collection using the same laboratory centrifuge protocol and frozen for later analysis. Eleven female and 10 male patients were “young” (aged 18-30 years), while 8 male and 10 female patients were “older” (aged 45-60 years). Thawed PRP samples were assessed for cytokine and growth factor levels using a multiplex assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The platelet count and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were measured. Two-way analysis of variance determined age- and sex-based differences. Results: Platelet and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations were similar in PRP between the groups (P = .234). Male patients had higher cytokine and growth factor levels in PRP compared with female patients for inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin–1 beta (IL-1β) (9.83 vs 7.71 pg/mL, respectively; P = .008) and tumor necrosis factor–alpha (TNF-α) (131.6 vs 110.5 pg/mL, respectively; P = .048); the anti-inflammatory IL-1 receptor antagonist protein (IRAP) (298.0 vs 218.0 pg/mL, respectively; P < .001); and growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor–basic (FGF-basic) (237.9 vs 194.0 pg/mL, respectively; P = .01), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) (3296.2 vs 2579.3 pg/mL, respectively; P = .087), and transforming growth factor–beta 1 (TGF-β1) (118.8 vs 92.8 ng/mL, respectively; P = .002). Age- but not sex-related differences were observed for insulin-like growth factor–1 (IGF-1) (P < .001). Age and sex interaction terms were not significant. While mean differences were significant, there was also substantial intragroup variability. Conclusion: This study in healthy patients shows differences in the composition of PRP between men and women, with sex being a greater factor than age. There was also proteomic variability within the groups. These data support a personalized approach to PRP treatment and highlight the need for a greater u
ISSN:0363-5465
1552-3365
DOI:10.1177/0363546517740845