Swine influenza A virus subtypes circulating in Brazilian commercial pig herds from 2012 to 2019

The swine influenza A virus (SIAV) subtypes/lineages H1N1pdm09, H3N2, H1N2, and H1N1 of seasonal human origin are widespread in Brazilian swine herds. A monovalent inactivated H1N1pdm09 vaccine was licensed in Brazil in 2014. However, there are concerns about its efficacy due to the limited vaccine...

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Published in:Brazilian journal of microbiology 2021-12, Vol.52 (4), p.2421-2430
Main Authors: Fraiha, Ana Luiza Soares, Matos, Ana Carolina Diniz, Cunha, João Luis Reis, Santos, Beatriz Senra Álvares da Silva, Peixoto, Maria Vitória Chaves, Oliveira, Anna Gabriella Guimarães, Galinari, Grazielle Cossenzo Florentino, Nascimento, Heloíza Irtes de Jesus, Guedes, Maria Isabel Maldonado Coelho, Machado, Alexandre de Magalhães Vieira, Costa, Erica Azevedo, Lobato, Zélia Inês Portela
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal populations
Animals
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Brazil
Cross-protection
Food Microbiology
Hemagglutination inhibition
Influenza
Influenza A
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - genetics
Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - genetics
Life Sciences
Medical Microbiology
Microbial Ecology
Microbial Genetics and Genomics
Microbiology
Monitoring
Mycology
Orthomyxoviridae Infections - veterinary
Orthomyxoviridae Infections - virology
Polymerase chain reaction
Swine
Swine Diseases - epidemiology
Swine flu
Swine influenza
Vaccines
Veterinary Microbiology - Research Paper
Viruses
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Summary:The swine influenza A virus (SIAV) subtypes/lineages H1N1pdm09, H3N2, H1N2, and H1N1 of seasonal human origin are widespread in Brazilian swine herds. A monovalent inactivated H1N1pdm09 vaccine was licensed in Brazil in 2014. However, there are concerns about its efficacy due to the limited vaccine cross-protection against heterologous viruses and the potential for exacerbated reactions against vaccine strains. Thus, monitoring SIAVs subtypes/lineages that are circulating in the Brazilian swine population is important, by applying a fast and efficient diagnostic test in herd field samples. A RT-PCR assay was developed, using primers specific for HA subtyping of Brazilian SIAV, and was used to evaluate the occurrence of subtypes from samples collected between 2012 and 2019. From 167 field samples positive for influenza A, 117 were subtyped by nested RT-PCR assay. A higher occurrence of H1N1pdm was observed from 2012 to 2015, H3N2 in 2017, and H1hu in 2017 to 2019. A hemagglutination inhibition test was performed in serum samples received from 2017 to 2019, confirming these data. The molecular data highlights the importance of H1hu and H3N2 detection since there are no vaccines available for the subtypes/lineages and raises an alert of H1hu for its potential to infect humans. Serological data suggest a cyclical profile of occurrence between the H3N2 and H1N1pdm over time. Monitoring SIAVs circulating in Brazilian swine herds is necessary, which provides the relevant information for field veterinarians to apply effective control measures on the properties.
ISSN:1517-8382
1678-4405
DOI:10.1007/s42770-021-00550-y