Implementation strategies for improving vitamin D status and increasing vitamin D intake in the UK: current controversies and future perspectives: proceedings of the 2nd Rank Prize Funds Forum on vitamin D

A multi-disciplinary expert group met to discuss vitamin D deficiency in the UK and strategies for improving population intakes and status. Changes to UK Government advice since the 1st Rank Forum on Vitamin D (2009) were discussed, including rationale for setting a reference nutrient intake (10 µg/...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:British Journal of Nutrition 2022-05, Vol.127 (10), p.1567-1587
Main Authors: Buttriss, Judy L., Lanham-New, Susan A., Steenson, Simon, Levy, Louis, Swan, Gillian E., Darling, Andrea L., Cashman, Kevin D., Allen, Rachel E., Durrant, Louise R., Smith, Colin P., Magee, Pamela, Hill, Tom R., Uday, Suma, Kiely, Mairead, Delamare, Gael, Hoyland, Alexa E., Larsen, Lise, Street, Laura N., Mathers, John C., Prentice, Ann
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
25-Hydroxyvitamin D
Adolescent
Adolescents
Age groups
Animals
Awards and Prizes
Calciferol
Chickens
Children
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Dairy products
Diet
Dietary Surveys and Nutritional Epidemiology
Female
Financial Management
Food fortification
Food industry
Food intake
Food law
Food, Fortified
Humans
Legislation
Male
Medical personnel
Medical research
Metabolism
Metabolites
Minority & ethnic groups
Modelling
Nutrient deficiency
Nutrition research
Pandemics
Population
Pregnancy
Public health
Radiation
Rickets
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Skin
Teenagers
United Kingdom - epidemiology
Vitamin D
Vitamin D2
Vitamin D3
Vitamin deficiency
Vitamins
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Summary:A multi-disciplinary expert group met to discuss vitamin D deficiency in the UK and strategies for improving population intakes and status. Changes to UK Government advice since the 1st Rank Forum on Vitamin D (2009) were discussed, including rationale for setting a reference nutrient intake (10 µg/d; 400 IU/d) for adults and children (4+ years). Current UK data show inadequate intakes among all age groups and high prevalence of low vitamin D status among specific groups (e.g. pregnant women and adolescent males/females). Evidence of widespread deficiency within some minority ethnic groups, resulting in nutritional rickets (particularly among Black and South Asian infants), raised particular concern. Latest data indicate that UK population vitamin D intakes and status reamain relatively unchanged since Government recommendations changed in 2016. Vitamin D food fortification was discussed as a potential strategy to increase population intakes. Data from dose–response and dietary modelling studies indicate dairy products, bread, hens’ eggs and some meats as potential fortification vehicles. Vitamin D3 appears more effective than vitamin D2 for raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, which has implications for choice of fortificant. Other considerations for successful fortification strategies include: (i) need for ‘real-world’ cost information for use in modelling work; (ii) supportive food legislation; (iii) improved consumer and health professional understanding of vitamin D’s importance; (iv) clinical consequences of inadequate vitamin D status and (v) consistent communication of Government advice across health/social care professions, and via the food industry. These areas urgently require further research to enable universal improvement in vitamin D intakes and status in the UK population.
ISSN:0007-1145
1475-2662
DOI:10.1017/S0007114521002555