Retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell layer changes in children who recovered from COVID-19: a cohort study

ObjectiveTo investigate the optic nerve and macular parameters of children who recovered from COVID-19 compared with healthy children using optical coherence tomography (OCT).DesignCohort study.SettingHospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid.PatientsChildren between 6 and 18 years old who recovered from...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Archives of disease in childhood 2022-02, Vol.107 (2), p.175-179
Main Authors: Burgos-Blasco, Barbara, Güemes-Villahoz, Noemi, Morales-Fernandez, Laura, Callejas-Caballero, Ignacio, Perez-Garcia, Pilar, Donate-Lopez, Juan, Ramos-Amador, Jose Tomas, Garcia-Feijoo, Julian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Age
Asymptomatic
Case-Control Studies
Child
Children
Cohort analysis
Cohort Studies
Control Groups
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - complications
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - virology
Disease
Healthy Volunteers
Hospitals
Humans
Infections
Macula Lutea - cytology
Macula Lutea - diagnostic imaging
Macula Lutea - immunology
Macula Lutea - pathology
Male
Medical personnel
Nerve Fibers - immunology
Nerve Fibers - pathology
Nervous system
Nervous System Diseases - diagnosis
Nervous System Diseases - immunology
Nervous System Diseases - pathology
neurology
ophthalmology
Optic nerve
Optic Nerve - diagnostic imaging
Optic Nerve - immunology
Optic Nerve - pathology
Optics
Organ Size
Original Research
Patients
Pediatrics
Retina
Retinal Ganglion Cells - immunology
Retinal Ganglion Cells - pathology
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Software
Tomography
Tomography, Optical Coherence - statistics & numerical data
Visual system
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Summary:ObjectiveTo investigate the optic nerve and macular parameters of children who recovered from COVID-19 compared with healthy children using optical coherence tomography (OCT).DesignCohort study.SettingHospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid.PatientsChildren between 6 and 18 years old who recovered from COVID-19 with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and historical controls were included.InterventionsAll patients underwent an ophthalmological examination, including macular and optic nerve OCT. Demographic data, medical history and COVID-19 symptoms were noted.Main outcome measuresPeripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, macular retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, macular ganglion cell layer thickness and retinal thickness.Results90 patients were included: 29 children who recovered from COVID-19 and 61 controls. Patients with COVID-19 presented an increase in global peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (mean difference 7.7; 95% CI 3.4 to 12.1), temporal superior (mean difference 11.0; 95% CI 3.3 to 18.6), temporal inferior (mean difference 15.6; 95% CI 6.5 to 24.7) and nasal (mean difference 9.8; 95% CI 2.9 to 16.7) sectors. Macular retinal nerve fibre layer analysis showed decreased thickness in the nasal outer (p=0.011) and temporal inner (p=0.036) sectors in patients with COVID-19, while macular ganglion cell layer thickness increased in these sectors (p=0.001 and p=0.015, respectively). No differences in retinal thickness were noted.ConclusionsChildren with recent history of COVID-19 present significant changes in peripapillary and macular OCT analyses.
ISSN:0003-9888
1468-2044
DOI:10.1136/archdischild-2021-321803