Extracellular Vesicles and Bone-Associated Cancer

Purpose of Review In this review, we describe the biology of extracellular vesicles (EV) and how they contribute to bone-associated cancers. Recent Findings Crosstalk between tumor and bone has been demonstrated to promote tumor and metastatic progression. In addition to direct cell-to-cell contact...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current osteoporosis reports 2021-06, Vol.19 (3), p.223-229
Main Authors: Dai, Jinlu, Shupp, Alison B., Bussard, Karen M., Keller, Evan T.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bone Neoplasms - drug therapy
Bone Neoplasms - pathology
Cancer-induced Musculoskeletal Diseases (C Lynch and J Sterling
Cell Communication
Disease Progression
Epidemiology
Extracellular Vesicles - physiology
Humans
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Orthopedics
Section Editors
Signal Transduction - physiology
Topical Collection on Cancer-induced Musculoskeletal Diseases
Tumor Microenvironment - physiology
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Summary:Purpose of Review In this review, we describe the biology of extracellular vesicles (EV) and how they contribute to bone-associated cancers. Recent Findings Crosstalk between tumor and bone has been demonstrated to promote tumor and metastatic progression. In addition to direct cell-to-cell contact and soluble factors, such as cytokines, EVs mediate crosstalk between tumor and bone. EVs are composed of a heterogenous group of membrane-delineated vesicles of varying size range, mechanisms of formation, and content. These include apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, large oncosomes, and exosomes. EVs derived from primary tumors have been shown to alter bone remodeling and create formation of a pre-metastatic niche that favors development of bone metastasis. Similarly, EVs from marrow stromal cells have been shown to promote tumor progression. Additionally, EVs can act as therapeutic delivery vehicles due to their low immunogenicity and targeting specificity. Summary EVs play critical roles in intercellular communication. Multiple classes of EVs exist based on size on mechanism of formation. In addition to a role in pathophysiology, EVs can be exploited as therapeutic delivery vehicles.
ISSN:1544-1873
1544-2241
DOI:10.1007/s11914-021-00668-w