The biosynthesis of phospholipids is linked to the cell cycle in a model eukaryote

The structural challenges faced by eukaryotic cells through the cell cycle are key for understanding cell viability and proliferation. We tested the hypothesis that the biosynthesis of structural lipids is linked to the cell cycle. If true, this would suggest that the cell's structure is import...

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Published in:Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids 2021-08, Vol.1866 (8), p.158965, Article 158965
Main Authors: Vítová, Milada, Lanta, Vojtěch, Čížková, Mária, Jakubec, Martin, Rise, Frode, Halskau, Øyvind, Bišová, Kateřina, Furse, Samuel
Format: Article
Language:eng ; nor
Subjects:
Cell Cycle
Cell division
Cell structure
Choline - metabolism
Desmodesmus quadricauda
Eukaryotic Cells - cytology
Eukaryotic Cells - metabolism
Green algae
Lipid composition
Lipid Metabolism
Phospholipids - biosynthesis
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Summary:The structural challenges faced by eukaryotic cells through the cell cycle are key for understanding cell viability and proliferation. We tested the hypothesis that the biosynthesis of structural lipids is linked to the cell cycle. If true, this would suggest that the cell's structure is important for progress through and perhaps even control of the cell cycle. Lipidomics (31P NMR and MS), proteomics (Western immunoblotting) and transcriptomics (RT-qPCR) techniques were used to profile the lipid fraction and characterise aspects of its metabolism at seven stages of the cell cycle of the model eukaryote, Desmodesmus quadricauda. We found considerable, transient increases in the abundance of phosphatidylethanolamine during the G1 phase (+35%, ethanolamine phosphate cytidylyltransferase increased 2·5×) and phosphatidylglycerol (+100%, phosphatidylglycerol synthase increased 22×) over the G1/pre-replication phase boundary. The relative abundance of phosphatidylcholine fell by ~35% during the G1. N-Methyl transferases for the conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine into phosphatidylcholine were not found in the de novo transcriptome profile, though a choline phosphate transferase was found, suggesting that the Kennedy pathway is the principal route for the synthesis of PC. The fatty acid profiles of the four most abundant lipids suggested that these lipids were not generally converted between one another. This study shows for the first time that there are considerable changes in the biosynthesis of the three most abundant phospholipid classes in the normal cell cycle of D. quadricauda, by margins large enough to elicit changes to the physical properties of membranes. •A model eukaryote that undergoes multiple fission has been used for cell cycle studies•The abundance of phospholipid classes changed stepwise through the cycle•Biosynthesis of the phospholipid classes was found to be linked to progress of the cell cycle•The changes in phospholipid class abundance have profound implications for membrane behaviour
ISSN:1388-1981
1879-2618
1879-2618
DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158965