The Potential of Albuminuria as a Biomarker of Diabetic Complications

Diabetes mellitus is a disease of dysregulated blood glucose homeostasis. The current pandemic of diabetes is a significant driver of patient morbidity and mortality, as well as a major challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. The global increase in the incidence of diabetes has prompted researche...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 2021-06, Vol.35 (3), p.455-466
Main Authors: Raja, Pappitha, Maxwell, Alexander P., Brazil, Derek P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abnormalities
Albuminuria - diagnosis
Animals
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Biomarkers
Cardiology
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis
Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology
Cardiovascular Diseases - urine
Complications
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent)
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - physiopathology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - urine
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - urine
Diabetic nephropathy
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Homeostasis
Humans
Kidney - physiopathology
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Morbidity
Nephropathy
Pandemics
Review
Review Article
Risk analysis
Risk factors
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Summary:Diabetes mellitus is a disease of dysregulated blood glucose homeostasis. The current pandemic of diabetes is a significant driver of patient morbidity and mortality, as well as a major challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. The global increase in the incidence of diabetes has prompted researchers to focus on the different pathogenic processes responsible for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Similarly, increased morbidity due to diabetic complications has accelerated research to uncover pathological changes causing these secondary complications. Albuminuria, or protein in the urine, is a well-recognised biomarker and risk factor for renal and cardiovascular disease. Albuminuria is a mediator of pathological abnormalities in diabetes-associated conditions such as nephropathy and atherosclerosis. Clinical screening and diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy is chiefly based on the presence of albuminuria. Given the ease in measuring albuminuria, the potential of using albuminuria as a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases is gaining widespread interest. To assess the benefits of albuminuria as a biomarker, it is important to understand the association between albuminuria and cardiovascular disease. This review examines our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in both forms of diabetes, with specific focus on the link between albuminuria and specific vascular complications of diabetes.
ISSN:0920-3206
1573-7241
DOI:10.1007/s10557-020-07035-4