Human Rhinovirus Infection Blocks Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication Within the Respiratory Epithelium: Implications for COVID-19 Epidemiology

Abstract Virus-virus interactions influence the epidemiology of respiratory infections. However, the impact of viruses causing upper respiratory infections on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication and transmission is currently unknown. Human rhinoviruses cause the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 2021-07, Vol.224 (1), p.31-38
Main Authors: Dee, Kieran, Goldfarb, Daniel M, Haney, Joanne, Amat, Julien A R, Herder, Vanessa, Stewart, Meredith, Szemiel, Agnieszka M, Baguelin, Marc, Murcia, Pablo R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibiosis
Cell Line
Cells, Cultured
Coinfection
Common cold
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
COVID-19 - virology
Disease transmission
Epidemiology
Epithelium
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Humans
Interferon
Major and Brief Reports
Picornaviridae Infections - virology
Replication
Respiratory Mucosa - virology
Respiratory tract
Rhinovirus
Rhinovirus - physiology
SARS-CoV-2 - physiology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Virus Replication
Viruses
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Summary:Abstract Virus-virus interactions influence the epidemiology of respiratory infections. However, the impact of viruses causing upper respiratory infections on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication and transmission is currently unknown. Human rhinoviruses cause the common cold and are the most prevalent respiratory viruses of humans. Interactions between rhinoviruses and cocirculating respiratory viruses have been shown to shape virus epidemiology at the individual host and population level. Here, we examined the replication kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 in the human respiratory epithelium in the presence or absence of rhinovirus. We show that human rhinovirus triggers an interferon response that blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication. Mathematical simulations show that this virus-virus interaction is likely to have a population-wide effect as an increasing prevalence of rhinovirus will reduce the number of new coronavirus disease 2019 cases. Human rhinovirus triggers an innate immune response that blocks severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 replication within human respiratory epithelium. Given the high prevalence of human rhinovirus, this effect might cause a population-wide reduction in new coronavirus disease 2019 infections.
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiab147