Insights into the fate of antimony (Sb) in contaminated soils: Ageing influence on Sb mobility, bioavailability, bioaccessibility and speciation

The effect of long-term ageing (up to 700 days) on the mobility, potential bioavailability and bioaccessibility of antimony (Sb) was investigated in two soils (S1: pH 8.2; S2: pH 4.9) spiked with two Sb concentrations (100 and 1000 mg·kg−1). The Sb mobility decreased with ageing as highlighted by se...

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Published in:The Science of the total environment 2021-05, Vol.770 (C), p.145354-145354, Article 145354
Main Authors: Diquattro, Stefania, Castaldi, Paola, Ritch, Susie, Juhasz, Albert L., Brunetti, Gianluca, Scheckel, Kirk G., Garau, Giovanni, Lombi, Enzo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ageing
Antimony
Antimony - analysis
Bioaccessibility
Biological Availability
Environmental Pollution - analysis
Potential bioavailability
Soil
Soil Pollutants - analysis
X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy
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Summary:The effect of long-term ageing (up to 700 days) on the mobility, potential bioavailability and bioaccessibility of antimony (Sb) was investigated in two soils (S1: pH 8.2; S2: pH 4.9) spiked with two Sb concentrations (100 and 1000 mg·kg−1). The Sb mobility decreased with ageing as highlighted by sequential extraction, while its residual fraction significantly increased. The concentration of Sb (CDGT), as determined by diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), showed a reduction in potential contaminant bioavailability during ageing. The DGT analysis also showed that Sb-CDGT after 700 days ageing was significantly higher in S1–1000 compared to S2–1000, suggesting soil pH plays a key role in Sb potential bioavailability. In-vitro tests also revealed that Sb bioaccessibility (and Hazard Quotient) decreased over time. Linear combination fitting of Sb K-edge XANES derivative spectra showed, as a general trend, an increase in Sb(V) sorption to inorganic oxides with ageing as well as Sb(V) bound to organic matter (e.g. up to 27 and 37% respectively for S2–100). The results indicated that ageing can alleviate Sb ecotoxicity in soil and that the effectiveness of such processes can be increased at acidic pH. However, substantial risks due to Sb mobility, potential bioavailability and bioaccessibility remained in contaminated soils even after 700 days ageing. [Display omitted] •Ageing decreased antimony (Sb) mobility and bioavailability in contaminated soils.•In vitro gastric and intestinal Sb bioaccessibility decreased with ageing.•Sb(V) binding to inorganic oxides and organic matter increased with ageing.•High ecotoxicological risks remained in contaminated soils.
ISSN:0048-9697
1879-1026
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145354