COVID-19: Diagnostics, Therapeutic Advances, and Vaccine Development

Purpose of Review Human race is currently facing the wrath of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly transmittable and pathogenic RNA virus, causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the worst ever global pandemic. Coronaviruses (CoVs) have emerged as a major publi...

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Published in:Current clinical microbiology reports 2021, Vol.8 (3), p.152-166
Main Authors: Majid, Sabhiya, Khan, Mosin S., Rashid, Samia, Niyaz, Ayesha, Farooq, Rabia, Bhat, Showkat A., Wani, Hilal A., Qureshi, Waseem
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antiviral agents
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccines
Medical Microbiology
Medical personnel
Morbidity
Pandemics
Pathophysiology
Public health
RNA viruses
Section Editors
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Therapeutic targets
Topical Collection on Virology
Vaccine development
Vaccines
Virology (S Li and K Parvatiyar
Virology (S Li and K Parvatiyar, Section Editors)
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Summary:Purpose of Review Human race is currently facing the wrath of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly transmittable and pathogenic RNA virus, causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the worst ever global pandemic. Coronaviruses (CoVs) have emerged as a major public health concern. Urgent global response to COVID-19 outbreak has been to limit spread of SARS-CoV-2 via extensive monitoring and containment. Various treatment regimens have been adopted to manage COVID-19, with known drugs and drug combinations used to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19. Intensive research on various fronts including studying molecular and structural aspects of these viruses and unraveling the pathophysiology and mechanistic basis of COVID-19 aimed at developing effective prophylactic, therapeutic agents and vaccines has been carried out globally. Recent Findings No approved antiviral treatment except remdesivir exists for SARS-CoV-2 till date though novel drug targets have been identified. However, worldwide frantic and competitive vaccine development pharmaceutical race has borne fruit in the form of a number of promising candidate vaccines, out of which few have already received emergency use authorization by regulatory bodies in record time. Summary This review highlights the painstaking efforts of healthcare workers and scientific community to successfully address the COVID-19 pandemic—though damage in the form of severe illness, loss of lives, and livelihood has left a serious mark. Focusing on extensive research on various therapeutic options and antiviral strategies including neutralizing antibodies, potential drugs, and drug targets, light has been shed on various diagnostic options and the amazing vaccine development process as well.
ISSN:2196-5471
2196-5471
DOI:10.1007/s40588-021-00157-9