Sensing of COVID‐19 Antibodies in Seconds via Aerosol Jet Nanoprinted Reduced‐Graphene‐Oxide‐Coated 3D Electrodes

Rapid diagnosis is critical for the treatment and prevention of diseases. An advanced nanomaterial‐based biosensing platform that detects COVID‐19 antibodies within seconds is reported. The biosensing platform is created by 3D nanoprinting of three‐dimensional electrodes, coating the electrodes by n...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced Materials 2021-02, Vol.33 (7), p.e2006647-n/a
Main Authors: Ali, Md. Azahar, Hu, Chunshan, Jahan, Sanjida, Yuan, Bin, Saleh, Mohammad Sadeq, Ju, Enguo, Gao, Shou‐Jiang, Panat, Rahul
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3D printing
3D sensors
Aerosols
Antibodies
Antibodies, Viral - immunology
antibody tests
Antigens
Antigens, Viral - immunology
Biomarkers
Biosensing Techniques
Circuits
Coated electrodes
Communication
Communications
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID‐19
Dielectric Spectroscopy
Electrochemical cells
Electrochemical Techniques
Electrodes
gold nanoparticles
Graphene
Graphite - chemistry
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Interleukins
Microfluidic devices
micropillars
Nanomaterials
Nanostructures
Nanotechnology - methods
pandemics
Printing, Three-Dimensional
Protein Domains
Proteins
reduced graphene oxide
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
Viruses
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Summary:Rapid diagnosis is critical for the treatment and prevention of diseases. An advanced nanomaterial‐based biosensing platform that detects COVID‐19 antibodies within seconds is reported. The biosensing platform is created by 3D nanoprinting of three‐dimensional electrodes, coating the electrodes by nanoflakes of reduced‐graphene‐oxide (rGO), and immobilizing specific viral antigens on the rGO nanoflakes. The electrode is then integrated with a microfluidic device and used in a standard electrochemical cell. When antibodies are introduced on the electrode surface, they selectively bind with the antigens, changing the impedance of the electrical circuit which is detected via impedance spectroscopy. Antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 spike S1 protein and its receptor‐binding‐domain (RBD) are detected at a limit‐of‐detection of 2.8 × 10−15 and 16.9 × 10−15 m, respectively, and read by a smartphone‐based user interface. The sensor can be regenerated within a minute by introducing a low‐pH chemistry that elutes the antibodies from the antigens, allowing successive sensing of test samples using the same sensor. Sensing of S1 and RBD antibodies is specific, which cross‐reacts neither with other antibodies such as RBD, S1, and nucleocapsid antibody nor with proteins such as interleukin‐6. The proposed sensing platform could also be useful to detect biomarkers for other infectious agents such as Ebola, HIV, and Zika. A ten‐second COVID‐19 antibody test is developed, which represents the fastest detection of this pathogenic biomarker. The test uses 3D nanoprinted electrodes coated with reduced‐graphene‐oxide and viral antigens. The COVID‐19 sensor can be reused 9 times and is connected to a smartphone interface for a convenient readout. This sensing technology is a powerful tool that will greatly benefit public health.
ISSN:0935-9648
1521-4095
1521-4095
DOI:10.1002/adma.202006647