Vitamin D and the hepatitis B vaccine response: a prospective cohort study and a randomized, placebo-controlled oral vitamin D3 and simulated sunlight supplementation trial in healthy adults

Purpose To determine serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2 D relationship with hepatitis B vaccination (study 1). Then, to investigate the effects on hepatitis B vaccination of achieving vitamin D sufficiency (serum 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L) by a unique comparison of simulated sunlight and oral vitamin D 3 supple...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of nutrition 2021-02, Vol.60 (1), p.475-491
Main Authors: Kashi, Daniel S., Oliver, Samuel J., Wentz, Laurel M., Roberts, Ross, Carswell, Alexander T., Tang, Jonathan C. Y., Jackson, Sarah, Izard, Rachel M., Allan, Donald, Rhodes, Lesley E., Fraser, William D., Greeves, Julie P., Walsh, Neil P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Clinical trials
Cohort analysis
Dietary supplements
Erythema
Hepatitis
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B surface antigen
Immunization
Immunoglobulin G
Nutrition
Original Contribution
Placebos
Sunlight
Vaccination
Vaccines
Vitamin D
Vitamin D3
Winter
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Summary:Purpose To determine serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2 D relationship with hepatitis B vaccination (study 1). Then, to investigate the effects on hepatitis B vaccination of achieving vitamin D sufficiency (serum 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L) by a unique comparison of simulated sunlight and oral vitamin D 3 supplementation in wintertime (study 2). Methods Study 1 involved 447 adults. In study 2, 3 days after the initial hepatitis B vaccination, 119 men received either placebo, simulated sunlight (1.3 × standard-erythema dose, 3 × /week for 4 weeks and then 1 × /week for 8 weeks) or oral vitamin D 3 (1000 IU/day for 4 weeks and 400 IU/day for 8 weeks). We measured hepatitis B vaccination efficacy as percentage of responders with anti-hepatitis B surface antigen immunoglobulin G ≥ 10 mIU/mL. Results In study 1, vaccine response was poorer in persons with low vitamin D status (25(OH)D ≤ 40 vs 41–71 nmol/L mean difference [95% confidence interval] − 15% [− 26, − 3%]; 1,25(OH) 2 D ≤ 120 vs ≥ 157 pmol/L − 12% [− 24%, − 1%]). Vaccine response was also poorer in winter than summer (− 18% [− 31%, − 3%]), when serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2 D were at seasonal nadirs, and 81% of persons had serum 25(OH)D 
ISSN:1436-6207
1436-6215
DOI:10.1007/s00394-020-02261-w