Gastric organoids-an in vitro model system for the study of gastric development and road to personalized medicine

Gastric cancer ranks as the fifth most common human malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer related deaths. Depending on tumor stage, endoscopic or surgical resection supported by perioperative chemotherapy is the only curative option for patients. Due to late clinical manifestation and mis...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell death and differentiation 2021-01, Vol.28 (1), p.68-83
Main Authors: Seidlitz, Therese, Koo, Bon-Kyoung, Stange, Daniel E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Cell culture
Cell Culture Techniques, Three Dimensional
Cell self-renewal
Chemotherapy
Gastric cancer
Humans
Malignancy
Models, Biological
Neoplastic Stem Cells - pathology
Organoids
Organoids - pathology
Precision medicine
Precision Medicine - methods
Review
Stem cells
Stomach Neoplasms - pathology
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Summary:Gastric cancer ranks as the fifth most common human malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer related deaths. Depending on tumor stage, endoscopic or surgical resection supported by perioperative chemotherapy is the only curative option for patients. Due to late clinical manifestation and missing reliable biomarkers, early detection is challenging and overall survival remains poor. Organoids are cell aggregates cultured in three-dimensions that grow with similar characteristics as their tissue-of-origin. Due to their self-renewal and proliferative capacity, organoids can be maintained long term in culture and expanded in many cases in an unlimited fashion. Patient-derived organoid (PDO) libraries function as living biobanks, allowing the in depth analysis of tissue specific function, development and disease. The recent successful establishment of gastric cancer PDOs opens up new perspectives for multiple translational clinical applications. Here, we review different adult stem cell derived gastric organoid model systems and focus on their establishment, phenotypic and genotypic characterizations as well as their use in predicting therapy response.
ISSN:1350-9047
1476-5403
DOI:10.1038/s41418-020-00662-2