Trop2: Jack of All Trades, Master of None

Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) is a widely expressed glycoprotein and an epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) family member. Although initially identified as a transmembrane protein, other subcellular localizations and processed forms were described. Its congenital mutations cause a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancers 2020-11, Vol.12 (11), p.3328
Main Authors: Lenart, Sara, Lenart, Peter, Smarda, Jan, Remsik, Jan, Soucek, Karel, Benes, Petr
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acids
Breast cancer
Cell adhesion & migration
Cell adhesion molecules
Cell growth
Cell surface
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Congenital diseases
Cornea
Corneal dystrophy
Epithelial cells
Eye diseases
Genes
Glycoproteins
Health aspects
Homeostasis
Kidneys
Kinases
Metastases
Metastasis
Mutation
Observations
Phosphorylation
Prostate
Proteins
Review
Stem cells
Tumor suppressor genes
Tumors
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Summary:Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) is a widely expressed glycoprotein and an epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) family member. Although initially identified as a transmembrane protein, other subcellular localizations and processed forms were described. Its congenital mutations cause a gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy, a disease characterized by loss of barrier function in corneal epithelial cells. Trop2 is considered a stem cell marker and its expression associates with regenerative capacity in various tissues. Trop2 overexpression was described in tumors of different origins; however, functional studies revealed both oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles. Nevertheless, therapeutic potential of Trop2 was recognized and clinical studies with drug-antibody conjugates have been initiated in various cancer types. One of these agents, sacituzumab govitecan, has been recently granted an accelerated approval for therapy of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. In this article, we review the current knowledge about the yet controversial function of Trop2 in homeostasis and pathology.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers12113328