In vitro and in vivo study on the osseointegration of BCP‐coated versus uncoated nondegradable thermoplastic polyurethane focal knee resurfacing implants

Focal knee resurfacing implants (FKRIs) are intended to treat cartilage defects in middle‐aged patients. Most FKRIs are metal‐based, which hampers follow‐up of the joint using magnetic resonance imaging and potentially leads to damage of the opposing cartilage. The purpose of this study was to devel...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials Applied biomaterials, 2020-11, Vol.108 (8), p.3370-3382
Main Authors: Jeuken, Ralph M., Roth, Alex K., Peters, Marloes J.M., Welting, Tim J.M., Rhijn, Lodewijk W., Koenen, Jac, Peters, Ruud J.R.W., Thies, Jens C., Emans, Pieter J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical materials
bone ingrowth
Bone turnover
Calcium
Calcium phosphates
Cartilage
Coating
Coatings
Computed tomography
Emission analysis
Fluorides
Fluorine isotopes
implant interface
In vivo methods and tests
Knee
Magnetic resonance imaging
Materials research
Materials science
Metabolism
Original Research Report
Original Research Reports
Osseointegration
Polyurethane
Polyurethane resins
polyurethanes
Positron emission
Positron emission tomography
Resurfacing
Sodium fluoride
Surface roughness
Surfacing
Surgical implants
Titanium
Tomography
Transplants & implants
Urethane thermoplastic elastomers
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Summary:Focal knee resurfacing implants (FKRIs) are intended to treat cartilage defects in middle‐aged patients. Most FKRIs are metal‐based, which hampers follow‐up of the joint using magnetic resonance imaging and potentially leads to damage of the opposing cartilage. The purpose of this study was to develop a nondegradable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) FKRI and investigate its osseointegration. Different surface roughness modifications and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) coating densities were first tested in vitro on TPU discs. The in vivo osseointegration of BCP‐coated TPU implants was subsequently compared to uncoated TPU implants and the titanium bottom layer of metal control implants in a caprine model. Implants were implanted bilaterally in stifle joints and animals were followed for 12 weeks, after which the bone‐to‐implant contact area (BIC) was assessed. Additionally, 18F‐sodium‐fluoride (18F‐NaF) positron emission tomography PET/CT‐scans were obtained at 3 and 12 weeks to visualize the bone metabolism over time. The BIC was significantly higher for the BCP‐coated TPU implants compared to the uncoated TPU implants (p = .03), and did not significantly differ from titanium (p = .68). Similar 18F‐NaF tracer uptake patterns were observed between 3 and 12 weeks for the BCP‐coated TPU and titanium implants, but not for the uncoated implants. TPU FKRIs with surface modifications could provide the answer to the drawbacks of metal FKRIs. Focal knee resurfacing implants (FKRIs) are intended to treat cartilage defects in middle‐aged patients. Most FKRIs are metal‐based, which hampers follow‐up of the joint using magnetic resonance imaging and potentially leads to damage of the opposing cartilage. The purpose of this study was to develop a nondegradable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) FKRI and investigate its osseointegration. Different surface roughness modifications and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) coating densities were first tested in vitro on TPU discs. The in vivo osseointegration of BCP‐coated TPU implants was subsequently compared to uncoated TPU implants and the titanium bottom layer of metal control implants in a caprine model. Implants were implanted bilaterally in stifle joints and animals were followed for 12 weeks, after which the bone‐to‐implant contact area (BIC) was assessed. Additionally, 18F‐sodium‐fluoride (18F‐NaF) positron emission tomography PET/CT‐scans were obtained at 3 and 12 weeks to visualize the bone metabolism over time. The
ISSN:1552-4973
1552-4981
DOI:10.1002/jbm.b.34672