Factors Associated With US Adults' Likelihood of Accepting COVID-19 Vaccination

The development of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine has progressed at unprecedented speed. Widespread public uptake of the vaccine is crucial to stem the pandemic. To examine the factors associated with survey participants' self-reported likelihood of selecting and receiving a hypo...

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Published in:	JAMA network open 2020-10, Vol.3 (10), p.e2025594-e2025594
Main Authors:	Kreps, Sarah, Prasad, Sandip, Brownstein, John S, Hswen, Yulin, Garibaldi, Brian T, Zhang, Baobao, Kriner, Douglas L
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Betacoronavirus Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology Coronavirus Infections - prevention & control Coronavirus Infections - virology Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 Vaccines Cross-Sectional Studies FDA approval Female Humans Immunization Influenza Vaccines Influenza, Human - prevention & control Male Middle Aged Online Only Original Investigation Pandemics - prevention & control Patient Acceptance of Health Care Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology Pneumonia, Viral - prevention & control Pneumonia, Viral - virology Probability Public Health SARS-CoV-2 Self Report Surveys and Questionnaires Trump, Donald J United States Vaccination Viral Vaccines Young Adult
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Summary:	The development of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine has progressed at unprecedented speed. Widespread public uptake of the vaccine is crucial to stem the pandemic. To examine the factors associated with survey participants' self-reported likelihood of selecting and receiving a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine. A survey study of a nonprobability convenience sample of 2000 recruited participants including a choice-based conjoint analysis was conducted to estimate respondents' probability of choosing a vaccine and willingness to receive vaccination. Participants were asked to evaluate their willingness to receive each hypothetical vaccine individually. The survey presented respondents with 5 choice tasks. In each, participants evaluated 2 hypothetical COVID-19 vaccines and were asked whether they would choose vaccine A, vaccine B, or neither vaccine. Vaccine attributes included efficacy, protection duration, major adverse effects, minor adverse effects, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval process, national origin of vaccine, and endorsement. Levels of each attribute for each vaccine were randomly assigned, and attribute order was randomized across participants. Survey data were collected on July 9, 2020. Average marginal component effect sizes and marginal means were calculated to estimate the relationship between each vaccine attribute level and the probability of the respondent choosing a vaccine and self-reported willingness to receive vaccination. A total of 1971 US adults responded to the survey (median age, 43 [interquartile range, 30-58] years); 999 (51%) were women, 1432 (73%) White, 277 (14%) were Black, and 190 (10%) were Latinx. An increase in efficacy from 50% to 70% was associated with a higher probability of choosing a vaccine (coefficient, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.06-0.09), and an increase from 50% to 90% was associated with a higher probability of choosing a vaccine (coefficient, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.15-0.18). An increase in protection duration from 1 to 5 years was associated with a higher probability of choosing a vaccine (coefficient, 0.05 95% CI, 0.04-0.07). A decrease in the incidence of major adverse effects from 1 in 10 000 to 1 in 1 000 000 was associated with a higher probability of choosing a vaccine (coefficient, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.05-0.08). An FDA emergency use authorization was associated with a lower probability of choosing a vaccine (coefficient, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.04 to -0.01) compared with full FDA approval. A vaccine that
ISSN:	2574-3805 2574-3805