Childhood Obesity Evidence Base Project: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a New Taxonomy of Intervention Components to Improve Weight Status in Children 2-5 Years of Age, 2005-2019

To evaluate the efficacy of childhood obesity interventions and conduct a taxonomy of intervention components that are most effective in changing obesity-related health outcomes in children 2-5 years of age. Comprehensive searches located 51 studies from 18,335 unique records. Eligible studies: (1)...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Childhood obesity 2020-09, Vol.16 (S2), p.S221-S2-48
Main Authors: Scott-Sheldon, Lori A J, Hedges, Larry V, Cyr, Chris, Young-Hyman, Deborah, Khan, Laura Kettel, Magnus, Mackenzie, King, Heather, Arteaga, Sonia, Cawley, John, Economos, Christina D, Haire-Joshu, Debra, Hunter, Christine M, Lee, Bruce Y, Kumanyika, Shiriki K, Ritchie, Lorrene D, Robinson, Thomas N, Schwartz, Marlene B
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Bias
Bibliographic data bases
Caregivers
Child
Child, Preschool
Citation management software
Clinical trials
Data collection
Educational Status
Ethnicity
Female
Health Behavior
Health care
Health Education
Humans
Intervention
Male
Meta-analysis
Nutrition
Obesity
Original
Overweight
Pediatric Obesity - epidemiology
Pediatric Obesity - prevention & control
Prevention
Socioeconomic factors
Systematic review
Taxonomy
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Summary:To evaluate the efficacy of childhood obesity interventions and conduct a taxonomy of intervention components that are most effective in changing obesity-related health outcomes in children 2-5 years of age. Comprehensive searches located 51 studies from 18,335 unique records. Eligible studies: (1) assessed children aged 2-5, living in the United States; (2) evaluated an intervention to improve weight status; (3) identified a same-aged comparison group; (4) measured BMI; and (5) were available between January 2005 and August 2019. Coders extracted study, sample, and intervention characteristics. Effect sizes [ESs; and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)] were calculated by using random-effects models. Meta-regression was used to determine which intervention components explain variability in ESs. Included were 51 studies evaluating 58 interventions (  = 29,085; mean age = 4 years; 50% girls). Relative to controls, children receiving an intervention had a lower BMI at the end of the intervention (  = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02-0.18;  = 55) and at the last follow-up (  = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.04-0.30;  = 14; range = 18-143 weeks). Three intervention components moderated efficacy: engage caregivers in praise/encouragement for positive health-related behavior; provide education about the importance of screen time reduction to caregivers; and engage pediatricians/health care providers. Early childhood obesity interventions are effective in reducing BMI in preschool children. Our findings suggest that facilitating caregiver education about the importance of screen time reduction may be an important strategy in reducing early childhood obesity.
ISSN:2153-2168
2153-2176
DOI:10.1089/chi.2020.0139