Effects of climatological parameters on the outbreak spread of COVID-19 in highly affected regions of Spain

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is infecting the human population, killing people, and destroying livelihoods. This research sought to explore the associations of daily average temperature (AT) and air quality (PM 2.5 ) with the daily new cases of COVID-19 in the top four regions of Spain (Casti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2020-11, Vol.27 (31), p.39657-39666
Main Authors: Shahzad, Khurram, Shahzad, Umer, Iqbal, Najaf, Shahzad, Farrukh, Fareed, Zeeshan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air Pollutants
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Betacoronavirus
Climate
Coronavirus Infections
COVID-19
Disease Outbreaks
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Humans
Pandemics
Pneumonia, Viral
SARS-CoV-2
Short Research and Discussion
Short Research and Discussion Article
Spain - epidemiology
Temperature
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
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Summary:The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is infecting the human population, killing people, and destroying livelihoods. This research sought to explore the associations of daily average temperature (AT) and air quality (PM 2.5 ) with the daily new cases of COVID-19 in the top four regions of Spain (Castilla y Leon, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, and Madrid). To this end, the authors employ Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, and robust panel regressions to quantify the overall co-movement between temperature, air quality, and daily cases of COVID-19 from 29 February to 17 July 2020. Overall empirical results show that temperature may not be a determinant to induce COVID-19 spread in Spain, while the rising temperature may reduce the virus transmission. However, the correlation and regression findings illustrate that air quality may speed up the transmission rate of COVID-19. Our findings are contrary to the earlier studies, which show a significant impact of temperature in raising the COVID-19 spread. The conclusions of this work can serve as an input to mitigate the rapid spread of COVID-19 in Spain and reform policies accordingly.
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-020-10551-3