RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DIET QUALITY INDEX IN NURSING MOTHERS AND THE FATTY ACID PROFILE OF MATURE BREAST MILK

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the maternal diet quality and the fatty acid composition of breast milk in the first trimester of lactation. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional epidemiological study of nursing mothers. The data collection instruments were a sem...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Revista Paulista de Pediatria 2021-01, Vol.39
Main Authors: Freitas, Ronilson Ferreira, Macedo, Mariana de Souza, Lessa, Angelina do Carmo, Pinto, Nísia Andrade Villela Dessimoni, Teixeira, Romero Alves
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Fatty acids
Food consumption
Healthy diet
Human milk
Maternal nutrition
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Summary:ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the maternal diet quality and the fatty acid composition of breast milk in the first trimester of lactation. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional epidemiological study of nursing mothers. The data collection instruments were a semi-structured questionnaire for sample characterization and a recall of usual intake. Diet quality was assessed based on the healthy eating index (HEI). Samples of mature breast milk were obtained by hand milking. Milk fat was extracted using the Bligh-Dyer method and methylated with 0.25 mol/L sodium methoxide in methanol diethyl ether. A gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector determined the milk fatty acid profile. Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation tests evaluated association between the variables. Subsequently, a multiple linear regression model was built and multivariate regression analysis was applied. Results: Our findings revealed an inverse relationship between the consumption of total fruits and the polyunsaturated fatty acid profile and a direct association of the intake of total fruits and total grains with monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that maternal diet quality affects the fatty acid composition of breast milk. RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a qualidade da dieta materna e a composição do leite humano em ácidos graxos no primeiro trimestre de lactação. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico observacional e transversal com nutrizes. Os instrumentos de coleta dos dados foram questionário semiestruturado para caracterização da amostra e o recordatório de ingestão habitual. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada por meio do índice de alimentação saudável (IAS). Amostras de leite materno maduro foram obtidas por meio de ordenha manual. A extração da gordura do leite ocorreu mediante o método de Bligh-Dyer, e essa gordura foi metilada com metóxido de sódio 0,25 mol/L em metanol dietil éter. O perfil de ácidos graxos do leite foi determinado por um cromatógrafo a gás equipado com detector por ionização de chamas. Realizaram-se teste de correlação de Pearson e teste de Spearman para verificar associação entre as variáveis. Posteriormente se aplicaram o modelo de regressão linear múltiplo e a análise de regressão multivariada. Resultados: Foi possível observar relação inversa entre o consumo de frutas totais e o perfil de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados e relação dir
ISSN:0103-0582
1984-0462
DOI:10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2019089