A Systematic Review of the Current Hepatitis B Viral Infection and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Situation in Mediterranean Countries

Viral hepatitis B is a global public health problem affecting nearly two billion subjects; 3.3% of whom are from the WHO (World Health Organization) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO). It induces both acute and chronic hepatic disorders with subsequent liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	BioMed research international 2020, Vol.2020, p.7027169-16
Main Authors:	Madihi, Salma, Syed, Hashim, Lazar, Fatiha, Zyad, Abdelmajid, Benani, Abdelouaheb
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Adult Africa, Northern Aged Aged, 80 and over Analysis Blood Blood & organ donations Blood donors Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - complications Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - epidemiology Cirrhosis Deoxyribonucleic acid Development and progression Disease transmission DNA Donors (electronic) Etiology Europe Female Genomes Genotype Genotype & phenotype Genotypes Hemodialysis Hepatitis Hepatitis B Hepatitis B - complications Hepatitis B - epidemiology Hepatitis B - prevention & control Hepatitis B - virology Hepatitis B Vaccines Hepatitis B virus - genetics Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatoma Humans Immunization Infection Infections Liver Liver cancer Liver cirrhosis Liver diseases Liver Neoplasms - complications Liver Neoplasms - epidemiology Male Medical personnel Medical research Medicine, Experimental Mediterranean Region Middle Aged Middle East Mutation Population studies Pregnancy Pregnant women Prevalence Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) Prisoners Proteins Public health Review Sex Sex industry Sexually transmitted diseases STD Thalassemia Vaccination Vaccination - statistics & numerical data Viral infections Viruses Womens health Young Adult
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Summary:	Viral hepatitis B is a global public health problem affecting nearly two billion subjects; 3.3% of whom are from the WHO (World Health Organization) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO). It induces both acute and chronic hepatic disorders with subsequent liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a considerable percentage of patients based on the age of exposure. In this review, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCC prevalence, distribution and prevalence of different genotypes, and male/female infection frequencies in relation to the vaccination status in the Mediterranean countries were reported. Study Design. This systematic review describes the prevalence of hepatitis B infection, genotype distribution of hepatitis B virus, and prevalence and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in Mediterranean countries belonging to three different continents: Southern Europe (Spain, France, Italy, Croatia, and Greece), North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt), and the Near East region (Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Israel, and Palestine). We tried to collect new data from electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and public health reports between 1980 and 2019. For each publication, we recorded reference, publication year, study characteristics (date, locations, sample size, and study population), and participant characteristics (population group, year, age, and sex). No language limitation was imposed, and articles or reports from non-peer-reviewed sources were not considered for this analysis. The main keywords were HBV prevalence, hepatitis B infection, HBV genotype, and HCC. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Healthy population-based studies included the following sample populations: (i) voluntary blood donors, (ii) pregnant women, (iii) community studies, (iv) hemodialysis patients, (v) hospitalized patients, (vi) healthcare workers, (vii) sex workers, (viii) drug abusers, and (ix) prisoners. We excluded studies from the following special groups who were assumed to be at a special high risk: patients from sexually transmitted disease clinics and thalassemia clinics and professional or paid blood donors.
ISSN:	2314-6133 2314-6141