Physicochemical properties of SARS‐CoV‐2 for drug targeting, virus inactivation and attenuation, vaccine formulation and quality control

The material properties of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its proteins are discussed. We review the viral structure, size, rigidity, lipophilicity, isoelectric point, buoyant density and centrifugation conditions, stability against pH, temperature, UV light, gam...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:ELECTROPHORESIS 2020-07, Vol.41 (13-14), p.1137-1151
Main Authors: Scheller, Christin, Krebs, Finja, Minkner, Robert, Astner, Isabel, Gil‐Moles, Maria, Wätzig, Hermann
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adjuvants
Animals
Attenuation
Betacoronavirus - chemistry
Betacoronavirus - drug effects
Betacoronavirus - radiation effects
Control methods
COVID‐19
Deactivation
Detergents
Disinfectants - pharmacology
Electrophoresis
Fast Track
Formulation
Gamma rays
Hot Temperature
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Isoelectric Point
Knowledge management
Lipophilicity
Material properties
Physicochemical properties
Proteins
Quality assurance
Quality control
Review
SARS-CoV-2
SARS‐CoV
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Ultraviolet radiation
Ultraviolet Rays
Vaccine
Vaccines
Vaccines, Attenuated - immunology
Vaccines, Attenuated - pharmacology
Viral diseases
Viral Proteins - chemistry
Viral Vaccines - immunology
Viral Vaccines - pharmacology
Virus Inactivation - radiation effects
Viruses
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Description
Summary:The material properties of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its proteins are discussed. We review the viral structure, size, rigidity, lipophilicity, isoelectric point, buoyant density and centrifugation conditions, stability against pH, temperature, UV light, gamma radiation, and susceptibility to various chemical agents including solvents and detergents. Possible inactivation, downstream, and formulation conditions are given including suitable buffers and some first ideas for quality‐control methods. This information supports vaccine development and discussion with competent authorities during vaccine approval and is certainly related to drug‐targeting strategies and hygienics. Several instructive tables are given, including the pI and grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) of SARS‐CoV‐1 and ‐2 proteins in comparison. SARS‐CoV‐1 and SARS‐CoV‐2 are similar in many regards, so information can often be derived. Both are unusually stable, but sensitive at their lipophilic membranes. However, since seemingly small differences can have strong effects, for example, on immunologically relevant epitope settings, unevaluated knowledge transfer from SARS‐CoV‐1 to SARS‐CoV‐2 cannot be advised. Published knowledge regarding downstream processes, formulations and quality assuring methods is, as yet, limited. However, standard approaches employed for other viruses and vaccines seem to be feasible including virus inactivation, centrifugation conditions, and the use of adjuvants.
ISSN:0173-0835
1522-2683
DOI:10.1002/elps.202000121