Single-cell-resolution transcriptome map of human, chimpanzee, bonobo, and macaque brains

Identification of gene expression traits unique to the human brain sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying human evolution. Here, we searched for uniquely human gene expression traits by analyzing 422 brain samples from humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and macaques representing 33 anatomical...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Genome research 2020-05, Vol.30 (5), p.776-789
Main Authors: Khrameeva, Ekaterina, Kurochkin, Ilia, Han, Dingding, Guijarro, Patricia, Kanton, Sabina, Santel, Malgorzata, Qian, Zhengzong, Rong, Shen, Mazin, Pavel, Sabirov, Marat, Bulat, Matvei, Efimova, Olga, Tkachev, Anna, Guo, Song, Sherwood, Chet C, Camp, J Gray, Pääbo, Svante, Treutlein, Barbara, Khaitovich, Philipp
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Astrocytes
Cerebellum
Cerebral cortex
Evolution
Gene expression
Glial stem cells
Hypothalamus
Molecular modelling
Resource
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
Substantia alba
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Summary:Identification of gene expression traits unique to the human brain sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying human evolution. Here, we searched for uniquely human gene expression traits by analyzing 422 brain samples from humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and macaques representing 33 anatomical regions, as well as 88,047 cell nuclei composing three of these regions. Among 33 regions, cerebral cortex areas, hypothalamus, and cerebellar gray and white matter evolved rapidly in humans. At the cellular level, astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitors displayed more differences in the human evolutionary lineage than the neurons. Comparison of the bulk tissue and single-nuclei sequencing revealed that conventional RNA sequencing did not detect up to two-thirds of cell-type-specific evolutionary differences.
ISSN:1088-9051
1549-5469
DOI:10.1101/gr.256958.119