Opening the black box of selection

Medical school selection is currently in the paradoxical situation in which selection tools may predict study outcomes, but which constructs are actually doing the predicting is unknown (the ‘black box of selection’). Therefore, our research focused on those constructs, answering the question: do th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice 2020-05, Vol.25 (2), p.363-382
Main Authors: Schreurs, Sanne, Cleutjens, Kitty, Collares, Carlos F., Cleland, Jennifer, oude Egbrink, Mirjam G. A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aptitude Tests
College Admission
College Applicants
Competence
Construct Validity
Decision Making
Education
Evidence
Guidelines
Life sciences
Medical Education
Medical Schools
Medicine
Prediction
Selection Criteria
Selection Tools
Test Items
Validity
Video Technology
Writing Tests
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Summary:Medical school selection is currently in the paradoxical situation in which selection tools may predict study outcomes, but which constructs are actually doing the predicting is unknown (the ‘black box of selection’). Therefore, our research focused on those constructs, answering the question: do the internal structures of the tests in an outcome-based selection procedure reflect the content that was intended to be measured? Downing’s validity framework was applied to organize evidence for construct validity, focusing on evidence related to content and internal structure. The applied selection procedure was a multi-tool, CanMEDS-based procedure comprised of a video-based situational judgement test (focused on (inter)personal competencies), and a written aptitude test (reflecting a broader array of CanMEDS competencies). First, we examined content-related evidence pertaining to the creation and application of the competency-based selection blueprint and found that the set-up of the selection procedure was a robust, transparent and replicable process. Second, the internal structure of the selection tests was investigated by connecting applicants’ performance on the selection tests to the predetermined blueprint using cognitive diagnostic modeling. The data indicate 89% overlap between the expected and measured constructs. Our results support the notion that the focus placed on creating the right content and following a competency-blueprint was effective in terms of internal structure: most items measured what they were intended to measure. This way of linking a predetermined blueprint to the applicants’ results sheds light into the ‘black box of selection’ and can be used to support the construct validity of selection procedures.
ISSN:1382-4996
1573-1677
DOI:10.1007/s10459-019-09925-1