Proteomic Profiling of Exosomes Derived from Plasma of HIV-Infected Alcohol Drinkers and Cigarette Smokers

Abuse of alcohol and tobacco could exacerbate HIV pathogenesis by transferring materials through exosomes (small nanovesicles). Exosomes present a stable and accessible source of information concerning the health and/or disease status of patients, which can provide diagnostic and prognostic biomarke...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology 2020-09, Vol.15 (3), p.501-519
Main Authors: Kodidela, Sunitha, Wang, Yujie, Patters, Benjamin J., Gong, Yuqing, Sinha, Namita, Ranjit, Sabina, Gerth, Kelli, Haque, Sanjana, Cory, Theodore, McArthur, Carole, Kumar, Anil, Wan, Jim Y., Kumar, Santosh
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alcohol
Biomarkers
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell Biology
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Immunology
Neurosciences
Original Article
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Proteins
Tobacco
Virology
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Summary:Abuse of alcohol and tobacco could exacerbate HIV pathogenesis by transferring materials through exosomes (small nanovesicles). Exosomes present a stable and accessible source of information concerning the health and/or disease status of patients, which can provide diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for myriad conditions. Therefore, we aimed to study the specific exosomal proteins that are altered in both HIV-infected subjects and alcohol/tobacco users. Exosomes were isolated from plasma of the following subjects: a) HIV-negative subjects (healthy), b) HIV-positive subjects (HIV), c) HIV-negative alcohol drinkers (drinkers), d) HIV-negative tobacco smokers (smokers), e) HIV-positive drinkers (HIV + drinkers), and f) HIV-positive smokers (HIV + smokers). Quantitative proteomic profiling was then performed from these exosomes. Sixteen proteins were significantly altered in the HIV group, ten in drinkers, four in HIV + drinkers, and fifteen in smokers compared to healthy subjects. Only one protein, fibulin-1 (FBLN1), was significantly altered in HIV + smokers. Interestingly, hemopexin was not significantly altered in drinkers or HIV patients but was significantly altered in HIV + drinkers. Further, our study is the first to show properdin expression in plasma exosomes, which was decreased in HIV + smokers and HIV + drinkers compared to HIV patients. The present findings suggest that hemopexin and properdin show potential as markers for physiological effects that may arise in HIV-infected individuals who abuse alcohol and tobacco. Graphical abstract This study presents a proteomic analysis of plasma-derived exosomes from HIV-infected alcohol drinkers and smokers. Among the proteins altered due to drug-abuse, hemopexin and properdin were of highest significance. These proteins can be potential biomarkers for co-morbid conditions associated with drug abuse in HIV-patients.
ISSN:1557-1890
1557-1904
DOI:10.1007/s11481-019-09853-2