A 28‐year study of human parainfluenza in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil

Problem Human parainfluenza virus (hPIV) is an important pathogen in respiratory infections, however the health burden of hPIV is underestimated. This study describes the infections by hPIV1‐3 in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 1990 to 2017, providing data of the frequency and seasonality of cases a...

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Published in:Journal of medical virology 2019-08, Vol.91 (8), p.1423-1431
Main Authors: Gregianini, Tatiana Schäffer, Seadi, Claudete Farina, Zavarize Neto, Luiz Domingos, Martins, Letícia Garay, Muller, Guilherme Cerutti, Straliotto, Selir Maria, Veiga, Ana Beatriz Gorini da
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
acute respiratory infection
Age
Children
Chronic illnesses
Dyspnea
Epidemiology
Girls
Health risks
hPIV infection
Immunofluorescence
Infections
Parainfluenza
Respiration
respiratory virus
Risk analysis
Risk factors
Seasonal variations
severe acute respiratory infection
Signs and symptoms
Virology
Viruses
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Summary:Problem Human parainfluenza virus (hPIV) is an important pathogen in respiratory infections, however the health burden of hPIV is underestimated. This study describes the infections by hPIV1‐3 in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 1990 to 2017, providing data of the frequency and seasonality of cases and associated clinical symptoms. Method of study Nasopharyngeal samples of patients with respiratory infection were collected, clinical data were analyzed, and immunofluorescence was used to detect hPIV. Results Respiratory viruses were detected in 33.63% of respiratory infections. In a total of 11 606 cases of viral respiratory infection, 781 were positive for hPIV; hPIV prevalence ranged from 2.14% to 27% of viral respiratory infections. hPIV1 circulates mainly during fall; hPIV3 circulation, in turn, starts in fall and peaks during spring; and cases of hPIV2 are reported along the year, with peaks in fall and early spring. The most affected age group was children, with hPIV prevalence of 74.23% in patients for less than 1 year. A higher proportion of girls were infected than boys, however, no difference by sex was observed considering all age groups. The most frequent type was hPIV3, especially in hospitalized patients. Both hPIV1 and 3 were associated with dyspnea, while hPIV2 caused mild symptoms mainly in nonhospitalized patients. Nineteen fatalities occurred, 89.5% of them associated with risk factors (prematurity; chronic diseases; age, 60 years). Conclusion hPIV causes a high number of respiratory infections, leading to hospitalization especially in children; epidemiological and surveillance studies are important for the control and management of respiratory infections. Highlights Parainfluenza viruses circulate throughout the year and cause severe acute respiratory infection in children. hPIV1 and 3 infections are associated with dyspnea and hospitalization. hPIV2 infection causes mild symptoms.
ISSN:0146-6615
1096-9071
DOI:10.1002/jmv.25459