Coinfection of pigs with porcine respiratory coronavirus and Bordetella bronchiseptica

Coinfection with two or more pathogens is a common occurrence in respiratory diseases of most species. The manner in which multiple pathogens interact is not always straightforward, however. Bordetella bronchiseptica and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) are respiratory pathogens of pigs whose...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Veterinary microbiology 2008-04, Vol.128 (1), p.36-47
Main Authors: Brockmeier, S.L., Loving, C.L., Nicholson, T.L., Palmer, M.V.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
bacterial infections
Bacteriology
Biological and medical sciences
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Bordetella bronchiseptica - isolation & purification
Bordetella Infections - complications
Bordetella Infections - pathology
Bordetella Infections - veterinary
Coronavirus Infections - complications
Coronavirus Infections - pathology
Coronavirus Infections - veterinary
cytokines
Cytokines - analysis
Cytokines - biosynthesis
Cytokines - genetics
disease severity
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gene Expression - immunology
immune response
interleukin-6
Lung - immunology
Lung - pathology
macrophages
Macrophages, Alveolar - chemistry
Macrophages, Alveolar - immunology
Microbiology
Miscellaneous
mixed infection
monocyte chemotactic protein-1
Porcine respiratory coronavirus
Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus - isolation & purification
Porcine respiratory disease complex
pulmonary alveoli
Random Allocation
Respiratory Tract Infections - microbiology
Respiratory Tract Infections - pathology
Respiratory Tract Infections - veterinary
Respiratory Tract Infections - virology
SARS coronavirus
Swine
swine diseases
Swine Diseases - microbiology
Swine Diseases - pathology
Swine Diseases - virology
Time Factors
transcription (genetics)
transcriptional activation
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus
Virology
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Description
Summary:Coinfection with two or more pathogens is a common occurrence in respiratory diseases of most species. The manner in which multiple pathogens interact is not always straightforward, however. Bordetella bronchiseptica and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) are respiratory pathogens of pigs whose relatives, B. pertussis and the SARS virus, cause respiratory disease in humans. In an initial experiment, the effect of coinfection of PRCV and B. bronchiseptica was examined in thirty, 4-week-old pigs (10 pigs/group) that were infected with either PRCV or B. bronchiseptica, or both PRCV and B. bronchiseptica. An additional 10 pigs served as sham infected controls. Five pigs from each group were euthanized at 4 and 10 days post-infection. Gross and histopathological lung lesions were more severe in the coinfected group as compared to the groups infected with B. bronchiseptica or PRCV alone. In order to investigate the potential role of proinflammatory cytokines in disease severity after coinfection, a second experiment was performed to examine cytokine transcription in alveolar macrophages from single and dually infected pigs. A total of 48 pigs were divided equally into groups as above, but 4 pigs from each group were euthanized at 1, 4 and 10 days post-infection. Coinfected pigs showed a greater and more sustained transcription of proinflammatory cytokines, especially IL-6 and MCP-1, than pigs infected with either PRCV or B. bronchiseptica alone. Thus, there appears to be a synergistic effect between PRCV and B. bronchiseptica with regards to proinflammatory cytokine transcription that may partially explain the increased severity of pneumonia in coinfected pigs.
ISSN:0378-1135
1873-2542
DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.09.025