Protons and Hydroxide Ions in Aqueous Systems

Protons and Hydroxide Ions in Aqueous Systems

Understanding the structure and dynamics of water’s constituent ions, proton and hydroxide, has been a subject of numerous experimental and theoretical studies over the last century. Besides their obvious importance in acid–base chemistry, these ions play an important role in numerous applications r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemical reviews 2016-07, Vol.116 (13), p.7642-7672
Main Authors: Agmon, Noam, Bakker, Huib J, Campen, R. Kramer, Henchman, Richard H, Pohl, Peter, Roke, Sylvie, Thämer, Martin, Hassanali, Ali
Format: Article
Language:eng
Subjects:
Acids - chemistry
Aqueous environments
Catalysis
Channels
Dynamical systems
Dynamics
Enzymes
Hydration
Hydrogen - chemistry
Hydrophobic surfaces
Hydroxides
Hydroxides - chemistry
Ions
Lipid Bilayers - chemistry
Liquids
Membrane Proteins - chemistry
Models, Chemical
Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Molecular Structure
Protons
Quantum Theory
Surface Tension
Transport
Water - chemistry
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Summary:Understanding the structure and dynamics of water’s constituent ions, proton and hydroxide, has been a subject of numerous experimental and theoretical studies over the last century. Besides their obvious importance in acid–base chemistry, these ions play an important role in numerous applications ranging from enzyme catalysis to environmental chemistry. Despite a long history of research, many fundamental issues regarding their properties continue to be an active area of research. Here, we provide a review of the experimental and theoretical advances made in the last several decades in understanding the structure, dynamics, and transport of the proton and hydroxide ions in different aqueous environments, ranging from water clusters to the bulk liquid and its interfaces with hydrophobic surfaces. The propensity of these ions to accumulate at hydrophobic surfaces has been a subject of intense debate, and we highlight the open issues and challenges in this area. Biological applications reviewed include proton transport along the hydration layer of various membranes and through channel proteins, problems that are at the core of cellular bioenergetics.
ISSN:0009-2665
1520-6890