In vitro inhibition of coronavirus replications by the traditionally used medicinal herbal extracts, Cimicifuga rhizoma, Meliae cortex, Coptidis rhizoma, and Phellodendron cortex

Abstract Background A search for new anti-coronaviral drugs to treat coronaviral infections was motivated by an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Objectives In order to find drugs that treat coronavirus infections, including SARS, we screened traditional medicinal herbal extracts...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of clinical virology 2008-02, Vol.41 (2), p.122-128
Main Authors: Kim, Hye-Young, Shin, Hyun-Soo, Park, Hyun, Kim, Youn-Chul, Yun, Yong Gab, Park, Sun, Shin, Ho-Joon, Kim, Kyongmin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allergy and Immunology
Animals
Antiviral
Antiviral Agents - pharmacology
Biological and medical sciences
Cell Line
Chlorocebus aethiops
Cimicifuga
Coronavirus replication
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Human viral diseases
Humans
Infectious Disease
Infectious diseases
Medical sciences
Medicinal herbal extracts
Microbiology
Miscellaneous
Murine hepatitis virus
Murine hepatitis virus - drug effects
Murine hepatitis virus - physiology
Phellodendron
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
Plants, Medicinal
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
SARS coronavirus
Sophora
Vero Cells
Vesicular stomatitis virus
Viral diseases
Virology
Virus Replication - drug effects
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Summary:Abstract Background A search for new anti-coronaviral drugs to treat coronaviral infections was motivated by an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Objectives In order to find drugs that treat coronavirus infections, including SARS, we screened traditional medicinal herbal extracts and evaluated their antiviral activities on coronavirus replication. Study design We employed a plaque assay to evaluate the effect of 22 medicinal herbal extracts on virus replication. We determined the 50% effective concentration (EC50 ) of each extract that was necessary to inhibit the replication of mouse hepatitis virus A59 (MHV-A59); we also determined 50% cytotoxic concentrations (CC50 ) for each extract. Northern and Western blot analyzes were performed to investigate antiviral activity in MHV-infected DBT cells, including virus entry, viral RNA and protein expression, and virus release. Coronavirus specific inhibition was also demonstrated using porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Results Cimicifuga rhizoma, Meliae cortex, Coptidis rhizoma, Phellodendron cortex and Sophora subprostrata radix decreased the MHV production and the intracellular viral RNA and protein expression with EC50 values ranging from 2.0 to 27.5 μg/ml. These extracts also significantly decreased PEDV production and less dramatically decreased vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) production in vitro. Conclusions The extracts selected strongly inhibited MHV replication and could be potential candidates for new anti-coronavirus drugs.
ISSN:1386-6532
1873-5967
DOI:10.1016/j.jcv.2007.10.011