Expanding role for the apelin/APJ system in physiopathology

Apelin is a bioactive peptide known as the ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Diverse active apelin peptides exist under the form of 13, 17 or 36 amino acids, originated from a common 77-amino-acid precursor. Both apelin and APJ mRNA are widely expressed in several rodent and human tissue...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of physiology and biochemistry 2007-12, Vol.63 (4), p.359-373
Main Authors: Carpéné, C, Dray, C, Attané, C, Valet, P, Portillo, M P, Churruca, I, Milagro, F I, Castan-Laurell, I
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipose Tissue
Adipose Tissue - metabolism
Amino acids
Animals
Apelin
Apelin Receptors
Blood vessels
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology
Cell proliferation
Central nervous system
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology
Disorders
Energy balance
Energy metabolism
Energy storage
Gene expression
Homeostasis
Human health and pathology
Human tissues
Humans
Insulin
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - metabolism
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - physiology
Life Sciences
Ligands
Minireviews
mRNA
Obesity
Obesity - complications
Obesity - metabolism
Paracrine signalling
Peptides
Physiological effects
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - physiology
Regulation
RNA, Messenger
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
Tissues and Organs
Tumor necrosis factor-α
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Description
Summary:Apelin is a bioactive peptide known as the ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Diverse active apelin peptides exist under the form of 13, 17 or 36 amino acids, originated from a common 77-amino-acid precursor. Both apelin and APJ mRNA are widely expressed in several rodent and human tissues and have functional effects in both the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Apelin has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cardiovascular functions, fluid homeostasis, vessel formation and cell proliferation. More recently, apelin has been described as an adipocyte-secreted factor (adipokine), up-regulated in obesity. By acting as circulating hormone or paracrine factor, adipokines are involved in physiological regulations (fat depot development, energy storage, metabolism or eating behavior) or in the promotion of obesity-associated disorders (type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular dysfunctions). In this regard, expression of apelin gene in adipose tissue is increased by insulin and TNFalpha. This review will consider the main roles of apelin in physiopathology with particular attention on its role in energy balance regulation and in obesity-associated disorders.
ISSN:1138-7548
1877-8755
DOI:10.1007/bf03165767